British Journal of Multidisciplinary and Advanced Studies

The Changing Structure of Nigerian Federalism Since Independence

Adesoji Adeokin Adebayo, Mayowa Christopher Ojo — Sun, 19 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The structure of Nigerian federalism has undergone significant transformations since independence in 1960. This paper critically examines the evolution of state creation in Nigeria, focusing on three distinct phases: the pre-independence demand for more states, state creation under civilian governments, and the more pronounced state creation under military regimes. The study employs a historical-analytical approach to explore the socio-political and economic drivers of state creation during these periods and their implications for federalism in Nigeria. The findings reveal that while state creation was initially motivated by the need for equitable representation and resource allocation, it gradually evolved into a tool for political control and patronage. The paper concludes by analyzing the impact of these structural changes on national integration, governance, and regional development, offering recommendations for the future restructuring of the Nigerian federation.

Ameliorating Students’ Cognitive Engagement and Critical Thinking in Chemistry: Testing the Potency of Practical-Based and Discussion-Based

Victor Oluwatosin Ajayi, Lawrence Achimugu, Christina Tanko Audu — Sun, 19 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This research investigated if either Practical-Based Approach (PBA) or Discussion-Based Approach (DBA) could be more effective in ameliorating students’ cognitive engagement and critical thinking ability in Chemistry. The study adopted a quasi-experimental research design. Chemistry Cognitive Engagement Inventory (CCEI) and Critical Thinking Ability Test (CTAT) were the instruments used for data collection. The reliability index of CCEI was ascertained using Cronbach Alpha, which gave reliability value of 0.86. The internal consistency of CTAT was tested using Kuder-Richardson (KR-21) formula which yielded a reliability value of 0.92. The population is 6,837 SS2 students offering chemistry in SSS in Dekina Local Government Area of Kogi State, Nigeria. Using multi-stage sampling techniques, a sample of 166 students drawn from 4 schools in Dekina LGA was selected. Two research questions and four null hypotheses guided the study. The research questions were answered using Mean and Standard Deviation scores while the null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance using results from Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The study revealed that, the difference in the cognitive engagement and critical thinking ability of students taught chemistry using PBA and those taught using DBA was statistically significant in favour of PBA respectively {F_{1, 165}=138.100, P<0.05} {F_{1, 165}=188.900, P<0.05}. There is no significant interaction effect of approaches and gender on the cognitive engagement and critical thinking ability of students in chemistry respectively {F_{1, 165}=1.765, P>0.05} {F_{1, 165}=5.005, P>0.05}. It was recommended among others that; Chemistry teachers should be encouraged to use PBA during chemistry instruction to ameliorate students’ cognitive engagement and critical thinking ability.

Techno-Educo Integration in Current Scenario

Rama Shanker Yadav, Pratibha Yadav — Sun, 19 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Current time of globalization demands technology education integration for development of humanity by offering education at every door step in inclusive and efficient manner using different alternatives. The present article “Techno-Educo integration in current scenario” explores role of technological development to be used in education for better learning outcomes especially after covid-19 where digital technology has been proved to recover gap between learners and teachers in very smart, intelligent, efficient and attractive way offering multiple dimensions in teaching and learning. Technology has revolutionized teaching methods making teaching easy, smart, fun loving, fearless, repeatable, child centered, cost effective and promised for quality education. Digital classroom is offering better leaning outcome, engagement, collaboration, flexible education and utilization of latest digital resources without any gender biasing depicting barrier less education to all at global level. Educational apps represent technological involvement in education in terms of software making it easier and more affordable to all. Govt. of INDIA has also developed multiple apps and portals for promoting inclusive and quality education to all with help of information and communication technology (ICT). Media has also enlarged its space using technology and offered multiple places like blogs, digital story and multiple social media platforms for leaning, management, sharing of ideas, views, creativity and other digital information without any constraints. Various application of Techno-Educo integration is also discussed like convenient and innovative teaching learning, blended teaching, distance and e-leaning, teaching for CWSN, flexible and inclusive leaning style and many others exploring its importance according to current demands. The dark side of technology is also enlightened keeping in mind importance for safe and secure utilization of technology.

Anti-Corruption Education for Catechumens

Delorens Lorentje Naomi Bessie — Sun, 19 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Research with the theme of anti-corruption education for catechumens examines two things, namely why anti-corruption education material is given to catechumens and how catechumens view this material considering that they are only preparing themselves to fulfill the requirements for the sacrament of holy communion. The research method used is qualitative research. The data used are primary and secondary. The results showed (a) that the church seeks to empower and prepare church members to play an active role in the life of the nation and state. The church is called to convey its prophetic voice to realize the welfare of society. (b) Anti-corruption education for catechumens is urgent and relevant because they are part of society that has a role in preventing and eradicating corruption. As agents of change in society, Catechumens can show their existence as bearers of good news. This means that catechumens must endeavor to be part of the solution to the problems experienced by the people, nation, and state of Indonesia. The church is not a corruption-free area and can even be a safe area for corruption because of the forgiving character of the church. So, this material is very urgent and relevant to help create an attitude of concern for the impact caused by anti-corruption, and (c) The catechumens' view of the anti-corruption education material provided to them as a step forward because the impact of corruption is felt by the whole community including the church and catechumens so that apart from increasing knowledge, they also actualize anti-corruption values in their daily lives.

Supply Chain Ambidexterity and Supply Chain Performance: The Moderating Role of Firm Innovation. A Case Study of Some Selected Manufacturing Firms in The Greater Accra Region of Ghana

Felix Owusu-Ansah — Sun, 19 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study explored the relationship between supply chain ambidexterity, firm innovation, and supply chain performance among 161 manufacturing firms in Ghana. The main focus was to understand how firm innovation affects the link between ambidexterity and performance. Key findings include: (1) supply chain ambidexterity alone did not significantly impact performance, contradicting assumptions; (2) firm innovation capabilities, surprisingly, had a negative effect on performance, suggesting a need for better innovation alignment; and (3) innovation positively moderated the relationship between ambidexterity and performance, showing that combining innovation with ambidexterity can improve outcomes. Recommendations for managers emphasize the importance of aligning innovation strategies with supply chain goals and balancing exploration and exploitation activities. Future research should consider long-term studies, multi-region comparisons, and diverse data sources to increase validity. Overall, the study refines the understanding of how innovation and ambidexterity interact to enhance supply chain performance.

Accounting Transformation in the Ongoing Era-Challenges and Opportunities

Pradip Kumar Das — Sun, 19 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Accounting profession is indelibly greeting novel paradigms and approaching swings thrusted by avant-garde technology, policy reforms, and morphing business. Practice-based handiwork breeds spurious and assiduous accounts, engrossed by multiple algorithmic screwups. Modern organizations pilot their accounting personnel to pursue escalated accounting and commercial intents, repudiating embryonic accounting systems to benchwarmer. This paper elucidates manifold challenges and opportunities springing in the 21^st-century of accounting. Crux challenges embrace integration of advanced technologies, ensuring data security, revamping regulatory benchmark, and maneuvering maladroitness in manpower. However, these challenges also serve opportunities for augmenting dexterity, pellucidity, and veracity in accounts. Adoption of digitalization also accredits accountants to address strategic decision and quality services. This paradigm metamorphosis covets hustler drive to holistic education and attunement, cultivating cultural renaissance within accounting to meet expectations of mercurial socio-economic scenario. By studying the dynamics, the paper contemplates to illuminate how accountants and organizations can navigate and leverage the ongoing transformation in a framework to garner green development and uphold strategic edge in an ever-changing fintech ecosystem.

Strategic Analysis for a Coffee Company– Part 1

Laran Chetty — Mon, 20 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The purpose of this paper was to conduct a strategic analysis of a Coffee Company in Durban, South Africa. Environmental analysis tools were used such as PESTLE for a macro analysis and Porters Five Forces for a micro analysis in order to identify the factors that can impact the performance of this company. Porter’s value chain and SWOT analysis was used to devise a successful strategy for the future of the company. The significant findings revealed that the Coffee Company must focus on market expansion, franchising strategy and acquisition. A strategic plan to address these opportunities will be presented in a future paper.

Relation Between Food Intake Pattern, Body Weight Status and Severity of COVID 19 Infection in Benghazi, Libya

Hanan Mohammed Idris Abdella, Fawzia M Salem Bozaid, Ali Ateia Elmabsout — Sun, 19 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) isolation has altered individuals’ food purchasing behavior and dietary intake patterns. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the changes in the nutritional status and body weight in relation to severity of the disease in Benghazi city during the COVID-19 lockdown. This cross-sectional study involved 206 young adults in Benghazi got previous infection. The changes in dietary intake patterns were assessed using the Dietary Diversity Questionnaire with slight modifications, while anthropometric measurements including body height, body weight before the pandemic and current body weight were self-reported. The analyzed by Chi square or T test at α< 0.05 for statistically differences. Overall, nearly one third of the respondents (48.8%) gained weight during the confinement, with an average increment of 4.06 ± 3.23 kg. The subjects reported consuming less fruits and 60.2% had higher plain water intake during the pandemic. It is observed that 41.0% to 66.8% of the young adults changed their dietary intake patterns during the pandemic. Decreased consumption of cereals and grains and other foods were associated with weight loss during the pandemic. On the contrary, an increased water and other soft drink intake were associated with weight gain during the lockdown (P< 0.05). The relation between degree of symptoms and body weight status revealed that with increased the diseases severity the body weight and BMI sharply increased (P< 0.05). Increase the severity of diseases associated with significant reduced food intakes. In spit body weight increased. Furthermore, decreased food intake have been noticed for all food stuffs and also dietary intake patterns changed.

The Unpredictable Heart Rupture Clinical Case in Emergency

Sun, 19 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Heart rupture is a particularly serious clinical condition and is characterized by a high mortality rate. This pathology is usually rare and is more likely to affect older women. It often follows as a complication of a myocardial infarction and the subsequent symptomatology is stackable to that of heart failure or cardiogenic shock. In the reported clinical case, the acute heart rupture occurred in correspondence with the free wall of the right ventricle, rapidly causing an important cardiac tamponade with an unfavorable course.

Comparison of Tibiofemoral and Patellofemoral Mobilization in Improving Pain, Rom and Functional Disability in Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

Sun, 19 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Patellofemoral pain syndrome significantly impacts daily activities in adults. Physical therapy, including targeted exercises and both patellofemoral and tibiofemoral mobilization techniques, is a primary treatment approach for managing this condition.This study aimed to compare the effects of tibiofemoral and patellofemoral mobilization on pain, range of motion (ROM), and functional disability in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome.A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 68 participants (n=34) at the Physiotherapy Department of Doctors Clinic, Samnabad, Lahore. The patients were randomly assigned into two groups: Group A received conventional treatment along with patellofemoral mobilization, while Group B received conventional treatment combined with tibiofemoral mobilization. The study spanned six months, with assessments conducted prior to treatment and weekly thereafter. Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) for pain, a goniometer for knee range of motion, and the Kujala scoring system for functional status used for assessment. The study results demonstrated significant improvements in NPRS scores, range of motion, and Kujala scores in both groups, with a p-value of 0.000. However, a comparison between the groups confirmed that conventional physiotherapy combined with patellofemoral mobilization yielded superior outcomes in reducing pain, improving range of motion, and enhancing functional status compared to tibiofemoral mobilization, with a p-value of <0.05.The study concluded that patellofemoral mobilization, when combined with conventional physiotherapy, is an effective approach for reducing pain, improving range of motion, and enhancing functional status in individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome.

Use and Quality of Library Services: Implications on the Satisfaction of Students’ Information Needs

Leonita C. Sumalinog, Rule P. Redondo, Eloiza P. Tagarda — Mon, 20 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

For any academic library to remain relevant to the changing information needs of its users, it has to do an assessment of the utilization of its services by its users and how such utilization satisfies information needs. Thus, this descriptive- correlational research was conducted to provide the academic library of a private university in Cagayan de Oro City with valuable information as to the quality of its services and collections as perceived by the college students. Specifically, this research determined the student users' assessment of the quality of library services, extent of use of the library collections, satisfaction of their information needs, and any significant assocaition between the quality of library services and utilization and between utilization and satisfaction of information needs. Data were collected using validated and pilot-tested questionnaires, which responses were processed using descriptive and inferential statistics. As found in this research, the quality of library services was assessed to be very good and the library materials were used to a high extent, except for the non-print materials. Moreover, the student users' academic and non-academic information needs were satisfied. The tests of relationship revealed a signicant association between the library's quality of services and utilization and between the student users' satisfaction of information needs and utilization of the library. Therefore, efforts to improve further the quality of library services should be instituted to increase utilization and to achieve maximum satisfaction of the library users' information needs.

The Ethical and Theological Dimensions of Emi L’okan Politics and Its Implication for The Political Future of Nigeria

Femi Adetunji Oye-oluwafemi — Sun, 19 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Emi l’okan (literally “it is my turn”) ideology, asserting power as an entitlement rather than democratic merit, conflicts with biblical teachings on leadership, justice, and morality. This study explores the ethical and theological dimensions of Emi l’okan, examining its impact on Nigeria's political landscape. Through textual and qualitative analysis, it juxtaposes Emi l’okan principles with biblical precepts of humility, servant leadership, and ethical governance. The research offers insights for religious leaders, policymakers, and civil society to address entitlement-driven politics, promote ethical leadership, and foster democratic values, ultimately contributing to a more equitable political future for Nigeria.

The Symbolic Concepts of Transhumance [Kuwila] in The Kafue Flats Among the Tonga People of Mwanachingwala, Hamusonde and Mungaila in Southern Province, Zambia

Michelo Manford — Sun, 19 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This paper investigates the symbolic concepts of transhumance (kuwila) among the Tonga people residing in the Kafue Flats, specifically within the chiefdoms of Mwanachingwala, Hamusonde, and Mungaila in Southern Province, Zambia. Transhumance, traditionally seen as the seasonal movement of cattle, is reinterpreted in this study as a deeply symbolic practice, intricately connected to the social, cultural, and spiritual fabric of the Tonga community. Through a multidisciplinary lens, the study examines how kuwila serves as a rite of passage for young herdsmen, facilitating their journey of self-discovery and social rehabilitation. This practice is also explored as a means of reinforcing communal bonds and transmitting cultural values, particularly through the invocation of ancestral spirits and the use of ritualistic numbers, such as the number seven, which symbolizes completeness in both Tonga and biblical traditions. The research further analyses the role of cattle ownership as a pedagogical tool, essential for teaching responsibility and leadership to the younger generation. The herdsmen's deep attachment to their cattle is framed as a reflection of their spiritual and familial connections, with cattle often being named after ancestors to ensure protection and continuity. In addition to its cultural significance, kuwila is highlighted as a crucial practice for resource management and environmental sustainability in the Kafue Flats. The paper underscores the importance of integrating traditional knowledge with modern governance strategies, advocating for a holistic approach to managing the region’s natural resources. By bridging the gap between cultural practices and ecological management, this study contributes to a broader understanding of how indigenous knowledge systems can inform contemporary governance and sustainability efforts in Southern Zambia.

NoSQL et Machine Learning : Cas d’usage et architectures typiques

Pierrot Mukendi Ngalamulume , Jean Nyembue Ilunga — Sun, 19 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

L'article explore l'interconnexion croissante entre les bases de données NoSQL et le Machine Learning (ML), soulignant leur rôle essentiel dans l'analyse et le traitement des données massives et hétérogènes générées par les entreprises modernes. Il détaille les cas d'usage, les architectures courantes et les avantages de cette association. Les bases NoSQL et le Machine Learning se complètent parfaitement pour relever les défis du Big Data. Leur combinaison permet de créer des architectures scalables, flexibles, et performantes, adaptées à des cas d’usage variés (recommandations, prédictions, détection de fraudes). Cette synergie ouvre des perspectives prometteuses pour l’intelligence artificielle et l’analyse de données en temps réel.

Velocity Analysis of a Slider Crank Mechanism for Delta Robot Arm Manipulation: A Computational Approach

Chikezie Akobuche — Sun, 19 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In this research, a velocity analysis of the slider crank mechanism's (SCM) for the delta robot arm manipulation was carried out. For the slider crank mechanism, new velocity response models were created. Trigonometric and inverse trigonometric functions are used in the novel Akozietic mathematical method, which is appropriate for kinematic analysis of intricate mechanisms like the four-bar mechanism (slider crank). The equilibrium conditions of the forces in a four-bar mechanism are used in the Akozietic mathematical technique to create simple mathematical models that enable user-written computer programs in Matlab and other programming languages. According to the velocity profile, the mechanism is under the most stress when the crank angle exceeds 300°, and the velocity is lowest at 180° and 0°.The crank angles where the slider shifts direction are the locations where the velocity passes zero. The novel mathematical procedure created in this study outperformed the other two kinematic analysis methods that were currently in use, according to a comparison of spreadsheets and this new mathematical method for mechanism analysis (Akozietic) with standard numerical solutions completed in Mathematica.

The Role of the Church in Reintegration of Street Children into Their Families in Lusaka District

Phiri Chinyama Daniel — Sun, 19 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The purpose of the study was to analyze the role of the church in the reintegration process and to come up with new strategies for increasing the effectiveness of these rehabilitation activities. The study objectives were to establish the type of support churches provide to the families with children on the street in Lusaka district and to assess the church-led initiatives that foster positive parent-child relationships after integration of street children in Lusaka district. A total sample of five families, 15 family members and four counsellors totaling to 19 participants made the total sample of the study. Interviews were conducted with parents and their children while a focus group discussion was conducted in this study at the sampled church grounds. Data was analyzed thematically by sorting similar responses and created themes under which the findings were presented. The study found that that under family talk on child care, it was the responsibility of the family to initiate family integration was initiated by the willingness of the family and the child at the same time. With regards to child safety and future consequences, the church had a responsibility to ensure that the family provided safety guarantees for the child before the child could be talked to by the church counsellors. On food provision to broken families, the church provided start up packs for families which were struggling to keep their children at home. the financial provision for family sustainability was available to the parents whose children were integrated into the family and the parents were helped financially with capital for business and employment as maids or guards to help them earn a living. It can be concluded that the church and parents played a crucial role in ensuring that there was effective and peaceful integration of children into the main family. The study recommended that Churches should come to the aid of the parents and homes where children have left for the streets so that family integration is supported. This will enable members of the church to feel safe to belong to the church since there will be enough help

The Third Romberg Extrapolate as a Numerical Integration

Grace O. Akinlabi — Sun, 19 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Modern techniques for quadrature include, but are not limited to, the Trapezium rule, the Midpoint rule, and Simpson’s rule. The accuracy of these methods can be improved by employing Romberg’s method. This is achieved by applying each method to a definite integral, subdividing it into multiple intervals, and then taking appropriate linear combinations of the resulting estimates to produce approximations with high-order accuracy. In this work, the third Romberg extrapolate is applied to a definite integral, and its solution is compared with the exact solution to demonstrate its accuracy.