British Journal of Multidisciplinary and Advanced Studies
British Journal of Multidisciplinary and Advanced Studies is a multidisciplinary research platform in all disciplines – Business and Management Sciences, Arts and Humanities, Sciences, Engineering and Technology, and Medical Sciences.The Journal provides an international forum for discussion and debate, for individual, academics and practitioners to promote their double blinded peer reviewed works on any field. The purpose is to explore the field of Multidisciplinary Research directed for, academics, researchers and practitioners working in any area.
Homocysteine Vs Cholosterol: A Comparison of Pathogenetic Risk Factors
The European healthcare landscape of 2025 confirms and worsens the presence of chronic diseases – Non Communicable Chronic diseases (NCDs) – which continue to be the leading cause of illness, disability, and death in most countries. The data emerging from the latest OECD and WHO Europe reports (Health at a Glance 2025) is unequivocal: chronic conditions are no longer a component of the system, but rather its core. The economic sustainability of care, people's quality of life, and governments' ability to respond to increasingly complex and ongoing needs depend on them. In this article we will describe the main chronic degenerative diseases with a focus on the most important and widespread ones, in order to identify the pathogenic factors responsible for their onset and the risk factors to keep under close observation. We will make a comparison between the two main killers for these pathologies, cholesterol and homocysteine and their excess blood values. We will highlight how, while blood cholesterol has become routinely included in cardiovascular disease screening and in established preventive and therapeutic protocols, blood homocysteine has not yet received the necessary attention, as an important, broad-spectrum independent risk factor, for the control of these diseases. Comparing the two metabolic parameters will highlight the urgency of including homocysteine in prevention protocols not only for cardiovascular diseases, but also for many other chronic diseases.
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Overview of International Financial System: How It Affects Nigeria Financial System
The study investigated how international financial systems affect Nigerian financial systems to show which international financial elements impact Nigerian financial stability. The study adopts a qualitative, theoretical approach based on a systematic review of recent literature, guided by the International Financial Integration Theory and the Mundell-Fleming Model. The findings show that capital flows and exchange rate movements and institutional partnerships and capital market connections serve as the primary channels which connect the two systems. Financial integration provides better capital access which helps financial growth but it makes businesses more vulnerable to external market disturbances while restricting their ability to manage monetary policy. The study concludes that the relationship requires both financial openness and regulatory control to achieve its full advantages while maintaining its potential dangers. The researchers propose that domestic institutions should be strengthened while adaptive policy frameworks should be implemented to establish better resilience.
AI-Driven Counselling Interventions for Predicting and Preventing Xenophobic Attacks Among South African Youths
This study examined AI-driven counselling interventions for predicting and preventing xenophobic attacks among South African youths. Specifically, it investigated how artificial intelligence–supported counselling strategies identify early warning signs of xenophobic tendencies, reduce hostile attitudes, and promote social cohesion. A descriptive survey design with a correlational approach was adopted. The population comprised youths aged 18–35 years from selected provinces in South Africa with histories of xenophobic incidents. A sample of 500 respondents was selected using multistage sampling techniques. Data were collected using three instruments: the AI-Driven Counselling and Xenophobia Prevention Questionnaire (AICXPQ), AI Predictive Risk Assessment Checklist (AIPRAC), and Focus Group Discussion Guide (FGDG). Validity was established through expert review, while reliability coefficients of 0.87 and 0.81 were obtained. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, multiple regression, and ANOVA at 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed a significant relationship between AI-driven counselling and prediction of xenophobic attacks (r = .62), and between AI-assisted counselling and reduction of xenophobic attitudes (r = .68). AI-based early detection systems significantly predicted prevention of xenophobic violence (R² = .50), while social cohesion differed significantly based on exposure levels (F = 14.36, p < .05). The study concludes that AI-driven counselling enhances prevention and social outcomes and recommends its ethical integration into counselling practice and youth development policies.
Examining the Challenges and Opportunities for Farmers in Accessing Farm Equipment Leases from Agricultural and Leasing Companies in Mumbwa District, Zambia
Agricultural mechanization plays a critical role in improving productivity, reducing labor burdens, and strengthening food security in sub-Saharan Africa. In Zambia, smallholder farmers dominate agricultural production but face limited access to farm equipment due to high costs and structural market barriers. This study investigated the challenges and opportunities associated with accessing farm equipment leases from agricultural and leasing companies in Mumbwa District. A mixed-methods approach was used, combining survey data from 100 farmers with key informant interviews and focus group discussions.Findings indicate that although 60% of farmers were aware of leasing as a financing option, only 29% had accessed a lease. Major barriers included high leasing costs (M = 4.20), collateral requirements (M = 3.95), and bureaucratic procedures (M = 3.60). Logistic regression results showed that awareness, education, income, and institutional support significantly increased the likelihood of lease access, while financial constraints reduced it. The interaction between income and institutional support revealed that higher-income farmers benefited more, raising concerns about equity. Qualitative findings further highlighted distrust in leasing systems, policy inconsistencies, and limited extension services.
Effect of Recruitment Strategies on Institutional Stability in Public and Private Universities in Southwest Nigeria
This study examines the effect of recruitment strategies and institutional stability within public and private universities in Southwest Nigeria, with a focus on recruitment strategies. A survey research design aligned with a quantitative, deductive approach. The study’s population comprised 8,550 academic staff members from selected federal, state, and private universities in the region. Using Taro Yamane’s sampling formula, 382 participants were selected, and data was collected via questionnaires. The analysis involved descriptive statistics to present respondent demographics and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to test the formulated hypotheses. Results indicated that recruitment strategies positively and significantly impact institutional stability, affirming that effective talent retention practices greatly contribute to institutional stability of these universities. The data generated were analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics of factor analysis and structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis. In the analysis carried out, the results show that advancement opportunities, training and development and succession planning have a positive significant on institutional stability with the coefficient values of (β = 0.194, p <0.05) for advancement opportunities, (β = 0.376, p <0.05) for training and development and (β = 0.588, p <0.05) for succession planning. The study concludes that robust retention strategies are essential for strengthening academic institutions in Southwest Nigeria, providing valuable insights for policy and administrative improvements. To enhance institutional stability further, it is recommended that universities a good recruitment strategy. Cultivating high levels of organizational commitment among faculty and staff can be achieved by aligning institutional goals with employee values and providing recognition and rewards.
Social Media and Consumer Buying Behaviour: Evidence from Southwest, Nigeria
The study assessed the impact of social media use on buying behaviour of youths in Southwest Nigeria. Particularly, it explored the impact of Facebook, Instagram, Twitter (X), and TikTok. A descriptive survey design was used and data were collected from 400 respondents through the Taro Yamane sampling method and proportionate stratified random sampling in the six states in the region. Descriptive statistics and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) were used to analyse the data. The findings showed that Facebook (β = 0.286, p = 0.016), Instagram (β = 0.324, p = 0.003), and TikTok (β = 0.351, p = 0.001) have significant positive effects on consumer buying behaviour, and while Twitter (β = 0.191, p = 0.067) has a positive effect, it is not statistically significant. The model showed acceptable predictive power, suggesting that the collective influence of social media plays a significant role in predicting consumer buying behaviour among the youth. The study also found that TikTok has the greatest impact, attributed to its short, attention-grabbing video formats and sharing potential. The study shows that social media has a substantial impact on consumer buying behaviour in Southwest Nigeria, but the impact differs among social media platforms. Businesses, especially SMEs, should focus on visual and interactive platforms like TikTok and Instagram to boost customer engagement and increase sales.
Investigating the Impact of Cost of Governance on Economic Development in Nigeria
This study examines the effect of governance costs on economic development in Nigeria using annual time series data spanning 1990 to 2023. Governance costs are disaggregated into federal, state, and local government expenditures, while economic development is proxied by components of the Human Development Index (HDI), namely gross national income per capita, expected years of schooling, and life expectancy. The study is anchored on the Endogenous Growth Theory, which emphasizes the role of efficient resource allocation in promoting long-run development. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was employed to estimate both the short-run and long-run relationships among the variables. The bounds cointegration test confirmed the existence of a long-run relationship among the variables. Empirical results reveal that federal government expenditure (β = -0.312, p < 0.01), state government expenditure (β = -0.218, p < 0.05), and local government expenditure (β = -0.145, p < 0.05) all have significant negative effects on economic development. In contrast, gross fixed capital formation (β = 0.275, p < 0.01) has a positive and significant effect. Inflation and exchange rate also negatively affect development outcomes, while the error correction term (-0.62) indicates a moderate speed of adjustment toward long-run equilibrium. The study concludes that governance costs in Nigeria are largely inefficient and consumption-driven, thereby constraining human development. It recommends the reallocation of public expenditure toward capital investment, improved fiscal discipline, and enhanced transparency in public financial management.
Effect of Artificial Intelligence Literacy and Information Literacy Training On Research Productivity of Academic Staff in Jigawa State College of Education, Gumel
The study examined the effect of Artificial Intelligence literacy and information literacy training on research productivity among academic staff in Jigawa State College of Education, Gumel. The study was guided by six research objectives, six corresponding research and two null hypotheses The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection from 150 academic staff selected through stratified and simple random sampling techniques. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data collected. Some of the findings of the study revealed that academic staff possess moderate AI literacy skills; information literacy training positively influences research productivity e.t.c. The study concluded that Artificial Intelligence literacy and information literacy training are significant determinants of research productivity among academic staff in Jigawa State College of Education, Gumel. Based on the findings of the study, some recommendations were given as thus; The management of Jigawa State College of Education, Gumel should organize regular workshops and seminars on Artificial Intelligence applications for academic research. Information literacy training programs should be strengthened to improve lecturers’ competencies in database searching, referencing, and information evaluation e.t.c
Education, Learning, Training & Development
The Impact of Truancy on Academic Achievement Among Male NCE Students of Jigawa State College of Education, Gumel
This study examined the impact of truancy on academic achievement among male NCE students of Jigawa State College of Education, Gumel. The study was guided by four research objectives and four research questions. This study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population of the study comprised of all male NCE students of Jigawa State College of Education, Gumel. A sample of 100 male NCE students was selected using simple random sampling technique. The instrument used for data collection was a structured questionnaire titled “Truancy and Academic Achievement Questionnaire (TAAQ).” The data collected were analyzed using simple percentages and frequency tables. The study identified some causes of truancy as; peer influence, poor parental supervision, lack of interest in studies e.t.c. The findings further revealed that truancy negatively affects students’ academic achievement through poor examination performance, low participation in lectures e.t.c. The study concluded that truancy is a major factor affecting the academic achievement of male NCE students in Jigawa State College of Education, Gumel. Students who engage in truancy are more likely to perform poorly academically. Based on the findings of the study, some recommendations were given as follows: School authorities should enforce attendance policies strictly, Guidance counselors should organize orientation programs on the dangers of truancy e.t.c
Cooperative Platforms, A Path to Fairer Works, And the Future of Work; A Review of Literature
The internet is reshaping modern lives in communication by creating consistent communication patterns globally beating aspects of time and space; exploring the potential of platform ‘cooperativism’ would be paramount to its success in Kenya. Coops provide a platform for entrepreneurship, savings, among others. The objective of this research work is to explore the potential of platform cooperativism in Kenya.
Farm Management Strategies in Modern Agriculture: Challenges, Innovations, And Policy Implications
With the advent of rapid technological innovations and the challenges of environmental stress, farm management has emerged as a key factor influencing agricultural productivity, sustainability, and income stability. Climate variability, market uncertainty, and resource limitations have led to the growing complexity of modern agriculture, which requires effective and flexible management approaches. This article explores the major problems faced by the farm managers, reviews technological and institutional innovations and assesses the appropriateness of the innovations for different farming systems in developing countries like India. The study uses a mix of microeconomics theory and reality to illustrate the need for context-specific approaches. It calls for the technological innovations to have the possibility of changing everything, but it also needs to be accessible, supported by institutions and farmers' capabilities. The article then suggests some policy options to improve efficiency, inclusiveness, and sustainability within agricultural systems.
Optimization of A Plastic Waste Crushing Machine for Enhanced Crushing Efficiency, Throughput and Energy Economy
Plastic waste accumulation remains a major environmental challenge, particularly in developing countries with limited recycling infrastructure. This study developed and optimized a low-cost plastic waste crushing machine suitable for small-scale recycling applications. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on a Box–Behnken Design was used to investigate the effects of rotor speed, blade angle, and feed rate on crushing efficiency, energy consumption, and material throughput. Experimental data were fitted to quadratic models and evaluated using ANOVA. The models showed high predictive accuracy with an F-value of 26.45, p < 0.001, R² = 0.968, adjusted R² = 0.942, and a non-significant lack-of-fit (p = 0.75), confirming model adequacy. Rotor speed was identified as the most influential factor, followed by blade angle and feed rate. Crushing efficiency increased with rotor speed and moderate blade angles but declined at excessive feed rates due to chamber congestion. The optimum operating conditions for maximum crushing efficiency were a rotor speed of 1325 rpm, blade angle of 38°, and feed rate of 3.8 kg/h, producing a crushing efficiency of 86.9% and energy consumption of 0.56 kWh/kg. The optimum material throughput of 4.67 kg/h was achieved at a rotor speed of 1312.5 rpm and feed rate of 4.0 kg/h with a blade angle of 38°. The mean prediction error of approximately 0.76% demonstrated excellent agreement between experimental and predicted results. The optimized machine exhibited high efficiency, low energy consumption, and satisfactory throughput, making it a technically viable and economically sustainable solution for decentralized plastic waste recycling and circular economy initiatives.
All That Is Gone Is Gone: A Literary Analysis of Impermanence and Renewal
This paper offers a literary analysis of the author’s original poem: all that is gone is gone, a reflective meditation on the irreversibility of the past and the necessity of living meaningfully in the present. the poem foregrounds the fleeting nature of time, the futility of clinging to lost moments, and the wisdom embedded in acceptance and renewal. through close reading, the study unpacks the poem’s thematic preoccupations—impermanence, acceptance, human limitation, and divine order—and situate them within broader philosophical and theological reflections on time and human existence. attention is given to the poet’s use of diction, imagery, repetition, and metaphor, all of which reinforce the central theme of impermanence. the analysis is framed within reader-response and existentialist literary theories, highlighting how the poem provokes both intellectual and emotional engagement with the human condition. the study is significant because it demonstrates how even short; reflective poetry can serve as a fertile ground for deep philosophical discourse. ultimately, the paper argues that all that is gone is gone resonates with universal human concerns, offering readers a poetic framework for embracing transience and cultivating a forward-looking orientation to life.
The employer takes loan from the financial institution. He has to deposit Equal Monthly Installment (EMI) to the lender timely failing which his mortgage property is croaked as per law. Both EMI and profit are very crucial in business. Between these two EMI is more crucial since it endangers life timely. In case of monetary transaction there is no room for sincere defaulter. A good businessman knows it but may not pay it always. A great businessman both obeys it and pays it not in time rather sometimes before stipulated period of time. His tendency is to pay always. He minds to repay the loan as his duty. He considers it as a gentleman’s contract. That’s why he is great. Here lies his greatness. They say where goodness ends greatness begins.
Designing and Implementing Customer Loyalty Programs in Omnichannel Retail Businesses: Brick & Click Businesses
A customer loyalty program refers to a structured marketing strategy designed to encourage repeat purchases, reward consistent customers, and strengthen emotional connections between the customer and the brand. Omnichannel retailing—where customers engage across physical stores, online websites, mobile apps and other channels—poses both opportunities and challenges for loyalty program design. With the rise of omnichannel businesses—where firms operate both online and offline—loyalty programs have become even more critical in ensuring a seamless and consistent customer experience across all channels. The population of the study consists of customers and business managers within the study area. A sample of 300 respondents was purposively obtained for the study. This study synthesizes recent literature on how customer loyalty is built and sustained in omnichannel contexts, proposes key success factors for loyalty programmes in omnichannel retail businesses, and offers a structured framework for development and implementation. The framework emphasizes channel integration, technology and personalization, data architecture, reward system design, customer‐engagement mechanisms and metrics. The findings of the study revealed that customer loyalty programs, personalized loyalty rewards, technology integration and omnichannel integration have significant positive effects on customer retention, loyalty programs effectiveness and customer participation in loyalty program. Managerial implications are discussed, particularly for retailers operating both online and offline and seeking competitive differentiation via loyalty programs.
A Machine Learning Approach for Data-Driven Decision Making in Student Academic Performance
The early prediction of the student academic performance during a semester is a real challenge in educational data mining. When instructors know from the mid of the semester which students are at risk, target early interventions by adding tutorials, office-hour encouragement, remedial assignments can be implemented to improve outcomes. In this work, a complete machine-learning pipeline is applied to real assignments and exams data of 11 classes and 392 students in a general physics I course. In this study a Random Forest model was developed to predict the final total grades by using real data including quiz, homework and midterm grades. The regression model shows R2 of 0.823 and MAE of 6.43 points. The results were translated to a binary pass/fail classification, where the model reliably identifies risk students with strong Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) performance. The work provides a robust and scalable tool for early warning systems in higher education, supporting data-driven decision making and targeted academic interventions
Evaluation and Demonstration of selected Insecticides to control chick pea Pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera) in Guji Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) production is challenged mostly by the pod borer insect pest in Ethiopia. Pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera) is the cosmopolitan and polyphagous insect pests which is more severe in Guji zone. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the recently introduced insecticides for effective foliar spray against the H. armigera and to give awareness on the use and effectiveness of the insecticide on chickpea crop at Midlands of Guji zone. The experiment was conducted using one chickpea variety; Habru and three insecticides helerate (350ml/ha), profit 72 %EC and dimethoate (1200-1500ml/ha). The result revealed that insecticides, dimethoate (90.87%) and helerate (88.31%) insecticides were effective against pod borer on percent larval reductions and profit (79.18%) followed. Dimethoate resulted maximum seed yield (1965.95kg/ha) which was the same to helerate (1907.74kg/ha) and minimum seed yield was recorded on untreated check (1041.87). The highest yield advantage was observed on dimethoate (47.00%) followed by helerate (45.39%). The highest benefit cost ratio was recorded on dimethoate (28.2072) sprayed plot whereas the lowest benefit cost ratio was recorded on unsprayed plot (21.3258). Therefore, using the dimethoate insecticides in the production of chickpea when pod borer is challenging is the most profitable to the farmers and other stakeholders of the study area.
Barriers to Access and Utilization of Available Youth Empowerment Programmes in Ogbia Local Government Area of Bayelsa State
The need for youth empowerment became glaring in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, to help re-focus the youths on meaningful self-development. This was as a result of the high level of youth restiveness over issues of marginalization, neglect by the federal government and the poor development of the region, which gave rise to militancy, kidnapping and other forms of exploitations amongst youths. These risk factors associated with the struggle left a huge negative impact such as un-employability on a large number of youths in the region. The study focused on analyzing the barriers to access and utilization of available youth empowerment programmes in Ogbia LGA of Bayelsa State. The questionnaire and in-depth interview were used as instruments for collection of data from 510 and 28 respondents respectively. The quantitative data were analysed using version 20 of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and frequency distribution tables and percentages were used to present the results. Chi-square (χ²) was used to test the four hypotheses; binary logistic regression was used to predict the effect of independent variables on a dependent variable while the qualitative data collected were analysed in themes as complement to the quantitative data. The independent variables included: ‘distance to programme location’, ‘attitude of government and youths’, ‘awareness’, and ‘sex’, while the dependent variables were ‘utilization’. The findings of the study revealed that a few majority of the respondents were aware of the youth empowerment programmes in Ogbia LGA of Bayelsa State; however, majority of them have not benefitted from any youth empowerment programmes. Among the findings was that younger youths have access to the programmes more than the older youths. Findings further revealed that there was statistical significance between the place of residence and perception of access while age, marital status, religion and education had no statistical significance. Also, education had statistical significance with utilization while the place of residence, age, marital status and religion had no statistical significance. Majorly, findings from the hypotheses tested showed that distance, attitude and awareness were significant predictors of utilization. This was confirmed using the binary linear regression analysis, only distance was not significant with perception of access but its long run significance was positive as were attitude and awareness, whereas sex had no influence and this was confirmed using the binary linear regression analysis. This implies that distance, attitude and awareness are significant predictors of access and utilization of the YEP. From the findings the study recommends that Government, policy makers and NGOs can collaborate to reduce the barriers to access and utilization of youth empowerment programmes. Government is also charged with ensuring there is adequate funding and that monitoring, maintenance and sustenance mechanisms are put in place for effective youth empowerment programmes in the area
Colonial Boundaries: The Philippine Territories During the Spanish Era
Spanish colonization of the Philippines from 1521 to 1898 brought profound transformations in society, politics, and the economy. From the arrival of Ferdinand Magellan to the consolidation of hundreds of islands into Las Islas Filipinas, the Spanish established territorial control that defined the archipelago as a unified colony. Central to this was the 1734 Murillo Velarde map, which provided the first precise delineation of the Philippine territory. This study examines how Spanish colonial authority shaped, expanded, and maintained these territorial domains, as well as the challenges and resistance encountered across the islands. Drawing from primary sources, it explores five key questions: the strategies used by the Spaniards to overcome resistance; the territories brought under colonial control; the barriers to maintaining authority; the territorial changes across three centuries; and the broader impact of colonial expansion. By analyzing these aspects, the study highlights the Philippines’ significance as a vital colony of the Spanish Empire and underscores the lasting legacy of Spanish territorial hegemony.
Employability Skills, Knowledge Domestication, and the African Narrative
The persistent challenge of unemployment in Africa has intensified discussions around employability skills, knowledge production, and the need to reshape dominant narratives about the continent. This paper is set out to examine the relationship between employability skills, knowledge domestication, and the African narrative within the context of socio-economic development. Historical method was used to collect data relying on primary and secondary source of historical information the conceptual framework on which the paper is hinged centered on Human Capital Theory while Decolonial Theory was the theoretical framework on which the paper is anchored. The author addressed the link between unemployment and skill acquisition through indigenous knowledge. Findings of the paper reveals that improving employability requires not only technical and soft skills but also educational systems that domesticate knowledge that reflect African realities. Integration indigenous knowledge systems, culturally relevant pedagogies, and local development priorities through African institutions can better prepare graduates for the labor market. In addition, reclaiming the African narrative is crucial for redefining Africa’s identity in global discourse and promoting innovative solutions to local challenges. The paper concludes that a holistic approach combining skills development, contextualized knowledge production, and narrative transformation is essential for sustainable development and economic empowerment in Africa. Based on the discussions of this paper it was recommended that African government and institutions should be proactive in designing the educational system to address the local peculiarities and current realities by blending the school curriculum to reflect the indigenous and western knowledge.
Curriculum Relevance, Digital Competence, and Employability Outcomes among University Graduates in Nigeria
The persistent concern over graduate unemployability in Nigeria has renewed attention on the relevance of university curricula and the digital competence of graduates in an increasingly competitive labour market. This research work examined curriculum relevance, digital competence, and employability outcomes among university graduates in Nigeria using descriptive survey research design. The population comprised of all university final year under-graduates from selected public universities in Nigeria, from which a sample of 250 respondents was drawn through a multi-stage sampling procedure. Data were collected using a researcher-developed instrument titled “Curriculum Relevance, Digital Competence and Employability Outcomes Questionnaire” (CRDCEOQ). The instrument was subjected to face and content validation by experts in educational management and measurement. Reliability was established using the Cronbach’s alpha method, yielding coefficients of 0.81 for curriculum relevance, 0.84 for digital competence, and 0.86 for employability outcomes, indicating satisfactory internal consistency. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the levels of the study variables, while Pearson Product Moment Correlation and multiple regression analyses were employed to test the stated hypotheses at the 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that employability outcomes among graduates were moderate, curriculum relevance was perceived to be fairly aligned with labour-market demands, and graduates demonstrated an appreciable level of digital competence. The results further showed significant relationships between curriculum relevance and employability outcomes, as well as between digital competence and employability outcomes. In addition, curriculum relevance and digital competence jointly predicted employability outcomes among university graduates. The study then concludes that improving curriculum responsiveness and strengthening digital competence development are critical to enhancing graduate employability in Nigeria.
Communicating Agricultural Biotechnology Among Farmers In Ebonyi State, Nigeria
This study was carried out to investigate the impact of communicating agricultural biotechnology to farmers in Ebonyi state. This study was anchored on Diffusion of Innovation Theory. In conducting this research, descriptive research design was adopted. The population of the study was 2,880,383 from which a sample size of 400 was determined using Taro Yamane’s formula. Multistage sampling technique was adopted to select samples while questionnaire served as instrument of data collection. Data collected were analyzed using SPPS frequency tables, percentages and arithmetic mean in a four-point likert scale. Findings showed that majority of the respondents were fairly exposed to agricultural biotechnology information through various sources of information outlets such as the mass media. It was also found that most of the respondents agreed that kind of information contents on agricultural biotechnology was on new crops and animal species while majority of them had poor cum negative attitude towards adoption of agricultural biotechnology products and practices. The study recommended that regular communication with farmers in Ebonyi State on the nature and application of agricultural biotechnology through various mass and social media outlets and platforms, communicating Ebonyi farmers on simple and affordable or applicable agricultural biotechnology devices, innovations and products by Agricultural Development Agencies and mass media campaigns on agricultural biotechnology should be designed with local language, contents and settings on acceptance and application of agricultural biotechnology by the farmers in Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
Childhood Experiences as determinant of Antisocial Behaviours among Basic School Pupils in Oyo State, Nigeria
The study examined how childhood experience determined antisocial behaviour among basic school pupils in Oyo state, Nigeria. Specifically, the study aimed to identify the level of antisocial behaviour, assessed prevalent childhood experiences among basic school children in Oyo State, Nigeria. A descriptive survey design was employed. The research employed multi-stage sampling procedures incorporating simple random sampling and a baseline method. From a total population of 2503 basic school, a sample of 96 schools were selected across 24 local government areas, comprising a total sample size of 812 pupils across all selected schools. The "Childhood Experiences, Questionnaire (CESQ) (r = 0.893) was used to gather information. One research question and one hypothesis were raised and tested. Data were analysed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson Correlation, and Multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed bullying victimisation experiences being most prevalent. Females exhibited higher antisocial behaviour (t= 92.170, X̅ = 2.62017, p< 0.05) than males (t = 77.959, X̅ = 2.39682, p< 0.05). The study provides a comprehensive understanding of antisocial behaviour among basic school pupils in Oyo State, Nigeria. revealing the complex interplay between gender differences. Implementing school-based behaviour management, peer mediation, and empathy-building activities is recommended to reduce subtle antisocial behaviours.
Amelioration and Pejoration of Arabic Loanwords in Hausa: Evidence of Semantic Change and Implications for Language Teaching
This study investigates semantic change in twenty Arabic loanwords in Hausa, examining how borrowed lexical items undergo meaning elevation (amelioration) and meaning degradation (pejoration) in the host language. The twenty words analysed — eight exemplifying amelioration and twelve exemplifying pejoration — provide concrete linguistic evidence of the processes through which Arabic source meanings are transformed, inverted, narrowed, or entirely replaced during integration into the Hausa lexicon. The study reveals that amelioration in Hausa Arabic loanwords operates primarily through the naming tradition sub-process, by which words carrying neutral, negative, or inanimate referential meanings in Arabic are elevated to honorific human naming functions in Hausa — exemplified by Safinaa (ship to female name), Unaizaa (she-goat to female name), and Mal'uunatu (accursed to female name). Pejoration operates through semantic inversion, register degradation, and taboo transfer, illustrated by shaakira (grateful to sex organ), maulaa (Lord to beg), and tsubbu (medicine to sorcery). The study derives significant implications for language teaching, arguing that awareness of semantic divergence between Arabic source meanings and Hausa borrowed meanings is indispensable for effective bilingual education, Arabic language instruction, and the prevention of pragmatic errors among Hausa learners of Arabic and Arabic learners of Hausa.
Artificial Wisdom is final future AI or ultimate Artificial Brain at Earth, Space, Intersteller or at Cosmic level wide where all possible Ais interconnected and form one giant AI. Hence itsneed precisemodelling and engineering which I itriedwith simple but deep models the Octane model with 8 Sections, where each section further has 4 layers where each layer further has 3,4 or 5 segments as shown in layer models which applicable on all types of AI simillarly and finally for Artificial Mesh/Brain or AW inter sections and layers as well as intra sections signals and communication engineering require for same type and different types of AIs and with all possible communications shown in last model.
Exploring QSARs for Inhibitory Activity of some Antimalarial Compounds by MLR and PC-AN
As malaria disease is continuous to be one of the major health problems, and until now no effective vaccines or drugs are available due to the mutation of the plasmodium. So, in order to help in designing a new antimalarial agent, a quantitative structure activity relationship was performed to study the Activity of 79 compound as antimalarial agents. The QSAR models were developed using the multiple linear regression (MLR) as a linear method. The principal component – artificial neural network (PC-ANN) was used as nonlinear method for modeling. The models resulted have a good prediction power. The MLR models (13-17) which have R2 >0.6, the best model was model number 17 with correlation coefficient R= 0.889, R2= 0.791, and R2adj.= 0.733. Cross validation LOO and LMO were performed on the resulted MLR models 13 - 17 in which they showed a good predictive power. The PCA was performed to divide the data into three data sets; training, validation and test set. Then the ANN performed on the models 13-17. The resulted ANN models were validated by randomization test, then the conditions that proposed by Golbraikh and Tropsha were applied to confirm that the QSAR models have acceptable prediction power or not. However, the best ANN model with the best predictive power was model number 17, with R value 0.8138.
Innovative Teaching Aids for French Language: A Study of Teachers' Perspectives and Challenges in Nigerian Schools
This study assesses innovative teaching aids for French Language: A study of teachers’ perspective and challenges in Nigerian schools. This study employed a descriptive research design of the survey type to systematically collect and analyze data on French teachers' perceptions of innovative teaching aids. The population comprised 1,001 French Language teachers across selected schools in Southwest Nigeria, with a sample size of 115 determined through stratified random sampling to ensure representativeness. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire titled French Teachers' Perception on Innovative Teaching Aids (FTPITA), which was validated through expert review in French Language education. The reliability of the instrument was confirmed with a coefficient of 0.91, indicating high internal consistency. The questionnaire was administered electronically, ensuring a high response rate. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics (percentages, mean, and standard deviation) to summarize demographic characteristics and overall perceptions, while inferential statistics (t-test and regression analysis) were used to examine relationships and differences between variables. Hypotheses were tested at a 0.05 level of significance, ensuring statistical rigor in determining meaningful patterns. The findings of the study reveal that teachers acknowledge the benefits of innovative teaching aids in improving student engagement and learning in French instruction. However, their effective use is hindered by inadequate training, limited access to resources, poor infrastructure, and insufficient government support. While teachers do not see traditional methods as superior, schools face shortages of multimedia tools, language labs, and internet access. Funding constraints, lack of external collaborations, and insufficient professional development further restrict integration. Despite confidence in using technology, structured training remains inadequate, making financial and institutional barriers key challenges to adopting modern teaching aids. It was recommended among others that the government and school administrators should allocate more funding for procuring innovative teaching aids such as multimedia tools, language laboratories, and stable internet connectivity to improve instructional delivery.
English Language, Teaching, Literature, Linguistics and Communication
Ideological Warfare in the Digital Comment Section: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Reader Responses to the 2026 US-Israel-Iran Conflict on Al Jazeera English and i24 News
This study examined the ideological and discursive strategies deployed by online commenters in response to breaking news coverage of the 2026 US-Israel-Iran conflict. This was triggered by the joint American and Israeli strikes on Iran that commenced on 28 February 2026 and codenamed Operation Epic Fury and Operation Roaring Lion respectively. These breaking news items appeared on two editorially opposed international news platforms: Al Jazeera English (AJE) and i24 News. Employing a purposive corpus of 50 reader comments (25 from each platform, five per breaking news item across five major stories), the study adopted Van Dijk's (1998, 2008) socio-cognitive Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) as its primary framework, supplemented by Martin and White's (2005) Appraisal Theory and Austin's (1962) and Searle's (1969) Speech Act Theory. The study investigated how ideologically committed readers construct in group solidarity and out group antagonism through lexical, evaluative, and pragmatic choices, with particular attention to Van Dijk's (1998) ideological square. Grounded in debates on mediated conflict, digital public spheres, and partisan journalism (Papacharissi, 2015; Cottle, 2006; Chouliaraki, 2006), the findings revealed patterns of ideological polarisation, delegitimation, and dehumanisation across the two platforms, raising significant questions about internationally positioned media and the amplification of conflict discourse in the digital age.
Influence of Single Parenthood Family Structure on Pupils Academic Achievement in Primary School in Egbeda Local Government, Oyo State
The purpose of this research was to assess how the family structure, specifically single parenthood, impairs the performance of primary school age children in the area of Egbeda Local Government in the Oyo State. The study was a descriptive survey which assisted in the collection of data from 200 students drawn randomly from each of four schools. The study compiled all gathered data from both sets of materials – structured questionnaire and schools’ files – and appropriate statistical treatments in terms of analysis were conducted. Results revealed that academic achievement of majority of pupils could be classified as moderate level of performance and mean girls’ performance was better than boys. Hence, the study demonstrated that academic performance of pupils whose parents lived separately was less than that of the students from nuclear families. However, an analysis of some pupils from reconstituted family revealed that they scored very high in their performance inclusive of the aspects like poverty, resilience, parental involvement, and school inclination. It is thus the case that the learning culture of single paternity has adversely affected the learners’ scholastic achievement. Part of the recommendations that can be made therefore is to suggest strategies that inherently exist within school teaching programs, which are focused on the child. They can be as ways of solving the problem - first, strategies that place the welfare of the child and issues of gender in particular, in the course of why children go to school, second, strategies that actively involves parents in the learning experiences of their child, third, and pushing for better legislation and/or working policies that support singlehanded families. This study aims at advancing knowledge in the field of the topic of family pattern as a contributor to the grade of attainment in education in Nigeria, more specifically, in primary school therefore calling the educationist and all the stakeholders as one.
Global Transmission of Geopolitical Oil Price Shocks in the Energy Transition Era: Evidence from Russian Sanctions, The Us-Israel-Iran War and Emerging African Oil Producers (Nigeria & Angola)
This study investigates the global transmission of geopolitical oil price shocks within the context of the energy transition era (2000–2025). Employing a Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PARDL) framework, estimated via Mean Group (MG) and Pooled Mean Group (PMG) techniques, the research analyzes a diverse panel comprising global economic powers—the USA, China, the Euro_Area, Russia, and Saudi Arabia—alongside emerging African oil producers, Nigeria and Angola. Data for the study variables, including Real GDP Growth (RGDPG), Real Exchange Rate (LNRER), Interest Rates (INTR), Global Oil Prices (LNGOP), and Global Real Economic Activity (GREA) were sourced from the World Bank’s WDI, IMF International Financial Statistics, and the U.S. EIA, with a binary dummy capturing the Russian Sanctions (SAN) era. The empirical results, validated by the Hausman test, justify the PMG estimator and reveal a significant long-run equilibrium across the variables. A central finding is the confirmation of strong cross-sectional dependence via the Pesaran CD test, proving that geopolitical shocks—such as the Russian sanctions and the US-Israel-Iran tensions—are instantaneously transmitted across the panel. While global real economic activity serves as a robust driver of growth, the study identifies a contractionary long-run impact of sustained high global oil prices and interest rates. It further reveals that real exchange rate supports long-term economic expansion, but its immediate effect on growth is not significant in the short-run. Furthermore, the high speed of adjustment evidenced by the error correction term highlights a degree of macroeconomic resilience. Notably, the sanctions dummy was statistically insignificant as a direct shock, suggesting that geopolitical conflicts impact emerging producers primarily through the mediation of global demand and price volatility. The study concludes that as the energy transition accelerates, producers must shift toward aggressive economic diversification and regional integration to mitigate the risks of global shock transmission.