British Journal of Multidisciplinary and Advanced Studies
British Journal of Multidisciplinary and Advanced Studies is a multidisciplinary research platform in all disciplines – Business and Management Sciences, Arts and Humanities, Sciences, Engineering and Technology, and Medical Sciences.The Journal provides an international forum for discussion and debate, for individual, academics and practitioners to promote their double blinded peer reviewed works on any field. The purpose is to explore the field of Multidisciplinary Research directed for, academics, researchers and practitioners working in any area.
Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm of Solution Gas Oil Ratio PVT Correlation
The solution gas-oil ratio (Rs) is a vital parameter in pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) analysis and reservoir engineering, with its accurate estimation being critical during reservoir depletion. While laboratory-based fluid sampling offers precision, it is often capital-intensive and logistically demanding. Consequently, empirical correlations have been developed to estimate Rs; however, these correlations are frequently region-specific and fail to generalize across diverse reservoir conditions, leading to significant prediction errors. This study aimed to optimize existing Rs correlations—specifically the Glaso (1980) and Standing (1947) models—using the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm to enhance prediction accuracy for the Volve field. Data from the Volve production dataset underwent extensive cleaning to remove irrelevant features, missing entries, and anomalous zero values, ensuring reliability for modeling. The ACO algorithm was then applied to calibrate the parameters of the selected correlations, with optimization assessed using statistical metrics such as Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and the Correlation Coefficient (R). Results showed that the optimized Glaso correlation achieved superior performance, yielding a high correlation coefficient (0.9993) and a significant reduction in average relative error (30.22%), outperforming its original and the Standing model in predictive accuracy. Comparative analysis against experimental data and traditional models confirmed the robustness and adaptability of the ACO-enhanced approach. Despite challenges such as data dependency, parameter sensitivity, and risk of overfitting, the ACO algorithm demonstrated strong potential for improving Rs estimation across complex reservoir systems. The findings underscore the necessity of optimizing empirical models before their field application and affirm the value of bio-inspired algorithms in petroleum reservoir analysis.
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Improving Cement Sheet Contraction and Strength Retrogression of Oil Well Using Local Materials (Silica Flour, Egg Shell, Periwinkel Shell, Palm Kernel Fibre Aggregate and Saw Dust)
This study presents findings from experiments assessing the feasibility of utilizing egg shell powder, sourced from the egg shell, periwinkle, palm kernel fibre and saw dust, for improving cement sheet contraction. Cement slurries serve critical functions, such as facilitating zonal isolation, safeguarding the casing against corrosion, absorbing shock loads encountered during deeper drilling, and preventing blowouts by rapidly establishing a seal. The effectiveness and successful execution of cementing operations heavily rely on specific properties of the slurry, which can be enhanced through the incorporation of various additives. This study focuses on examining the impact of various local additives, including Palm kernel fibre aggregates and Silica sand, on specific properties of cement slurry. The conducted tests revealed that the cement samples mixed with local additives exhibited compressive strengths that ranged from a minimum of 3,359 psi to 11,759 psi, in contrast to the plain class G slurry, which registered an unsuitable strength of 1,600 psi. Additionally, the density measurements were found to be acceptable, falling between 15.3 and 16 ppg. However, the rheological properties and fluid loss characteristics were assessed to be either standard or subpar when compared to the benchmarks established by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Upon concluding the experiment, a noticeable difference was noted between the results of the neat class G slurry and those of the additive-mix slurries. Consequently, it was determined that the neat slurry sample served effectively as a fluid loss agent, while all samples, with the exception of the plain slurry, demonstrated satisfactory compressive strengths. Additionally, the palm fibre alone showed sufficient rheological properties; however, with the sole exception of the plain slurry, none of the samples proved to be effective fluid loss agents.
Structural Determinants of Student Lateness to School on Reopening Days: Evidence from Adidome Senior High School, Ghana
++++++++++++++ Timely student return on school reopening days is crucial for effective curriculum delivery and school management. This study investigates restraining factors influencing lateness among students in forms two and three at Adidome Senior High School, Ghana. A cross-sectional survey of 290 students measured lateness prevalence and assessed biographical, parental, student-related, and school-related factors. Lateness is a widespread structural challenge, with 74.5% of students reporting late (after Day 3). Logistic regression showed parental constraints significantly increased lateness (OR = 1.70, p = 0.006) while enhanced school communication policies and early academic engagement reduced it (OR = 0.47, p < 0.001). Student attitudes and demographic characteristics were not significant predictors. The findings highlight that effective interventions should prioritize parental financial support and improved institutional communication over punitive student measures. Recommendations include strengthening financial assistance schemes, refining communication protocols, and fostering community-school partnerships to advance educational punctuality in semi-rural settings.
Education, Learning, Training & Development
Evaluation of Job Satisfaction on Organisation Productivity of Ondo State Water Corporation
+++++ The study empirically examined the impact of job satisfaction on employees’ productivity. The specific objectives were; to investigate the impact of job safety and security on employees’ productivity and to determine the extent to which promotion affect employees’ productivity. This study employed survey research design. A combination of secondary and primary sources of data was adopted in this study. Primary source of data principally was extracted from the questionnaire. The data collected from the field survey was presented and analyzed in tables and simple percentage format. Also, the Chi-square statistical tool was used in testing the research hypothesis. The major findings of the study include: There was a significant impact of job satisfaction on productivity, Job safety and security had a significant impact of employees’ productivity and there was a significant impact of promotion on employees’ productivity in hospitality firms. The study recommended that management should set up effective strategies that will lead to goals and objectives of the organization. Management should improve on job safety and security so that it will enhance high level of productivity. Good working conditions should be implemented in order to improve workers’ performance.
Potency of Visual Resources on Secondary School Students Educational Attainment in Social Studies in Ekiti State, Nigeria
The study investigatedpotency of visual resources on secondary school students’ educational attainment in social studies in Ekiti state, Nigeria. Quasi-experimental design of pre-test, post-test, control groups design was adopted. The population of the study consisted of all Junior Secondary School III students in Ekiti State. The sample for the study consisted of 155 JSS III students who were selected from four secondary schools in Ekiti State using multi-stage sampling procedure. The two research instruments were used such as lesson notes on Social Studies and Social Studies Performance Test (SSPT). The face and content validity of the instruments were ensured by Social Studies and Test and Measurement experts. The reliability of the instrument was determined through test-retest method. The scores of the sampled students were analysed using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient Analysis. A reliability coefficient of 0.85 was obtained. The research hypotheses were tested a 0.05 level of significance. Findings found thatthere is a significant difference in the pre-test and post-test scores of Social Studies students when virtual resources were used. This study concluded that using visual resources for teaching Social Studies students is more effective than conventional methods of teaching as the performance of students taught with visual resources was better than their counterparts who were not taught with it. The study recommended that to improve Social Studies students’ academic performance, the use of visual resources should be encouraged in teaching Junior secondary schools’ students in Ekiti State. The school authority should organise in-service training for retraining of Social Studies teachers through seminars to update their knowledge and create awareness on the relevance of instructional resource meant for teaching Social Studies students.
The Viability of the Mult-Door Courthouse Having Criminal Jurisdiction: A Critical Analysis
The Modern Alternative Dispute Resolution was introduced into the world, as a form of method that would aid in alleviating the hardships and disadvantages of courtroom litigation, However, upon careful scrutiny of the systems that employ this method of dispute resolution; it comes to ones’ focus that the institutions are one-sided in the types of cases they entertain. Cases in point, which this write-up will center on, are the Lagos MultiDoor courthouse. These are one of the current institutions through which Alternative Dispute Resolution mechanisms are being practiced. However, a major drawback characterized by these alternative courts is that their jurisdictions are limited to resolving civil cases. In essence, the other most important aspect of the legal system is neglected, which is the criminal justice system i.e criminal cases. Criminal cases are out rightly excluded from reaping the benefits of this valuable and beneficial concept.A further research by this write-up brings into limelight certain processes within the criminal justice system which are similar to the ADR processes themselves. This article aims at highlighting these criminal law methods which will aid in resolving criminal disputes amicably and agreeably, just like the ADR processes. The mechanisms in focus will be plea bargaining, restorative justice and compoundable offences. The similarities between these methods and these of the ADR processes. The write-up will then look into how these criminal law processes can be incorporated and employed into the multi-Door courthouses. In order that the MDCs will have concurrent jurisdictions of both civil and criminal cases.
Parenting Education for Holistic Child Development in Nigeria
This paper examines the role of Parenting Education in fostering holistic child development in Nigeria, emphasizing the need for informed parental involvement in children’s physical, emotional, cognitive, social and spiritual growth. The paper focuses on assessing the level of knowledge and practices among Nigerian parents regarding holistic parenting and its impact on child development outcomes. The objectives of the paper are to examine the influence of Parenting Education on child development; assess parental knowledge and skills related to effective parenting practices; identify barriers to parental involvement in child development, including socio-cultural and economic factors; and recommend strategies for enhancing Parenting Education for holistic development. The study adopts a qualitative methodology using a literature review approach. Data were gathered from scholarly journals, academic books, policy documents, and multimedia sources relevant to parenting and child development in Nigeria. The paper shows that parenting practices influence academic performance, children’s health, and emotional well-being. Parents with access to Parenting Education are more likely to provide a nurturing environment, support their children’s education and reduce developmental risks such as stunting or behavioral issues. The paper concludes that, Parenting Education is an essential tool for enhancing holistic child development in Nigeria. It recommended that effective implementation of community-based parenting programs, the inclusion of fathers in child-rearing education and culturally sensitive interventions are essential to equip parents with the knowledge and skills needed to support their children’s growth.
Girl Child Education: A Means of Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) In Nigeria
This study examined the extent to which girl child-education can facilitate the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The sample of the study comprised of 245 senior secondary school girls respondents randomly selected from three states in Nigeria. The instrument which was validated by three experts in measurement and evaluation was used to elicit information from the participants. Having tested the reliability of the instrument, a coefficient of 0.82 was obtained. Data collected were analysed using means ratings and cumulative mean scores. Results revealed that forced marriage, sexual harassment, unwanted pregnancy, poverty, and negative self-concept are possible factors that militate against effective girl-child education in Nigeria. The study also revealed that girl-child education could to a very large extent promote women empowerment in Nigeria and that educating the girl child could be a strong factor that can facilitate the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Nigeria. It was, therefore, recommended among others, that the three tiers of government should ensure that policies meant to foster equal access to formal education for both genders are not only formulated but politically backed up.
Perception and Readiness of online Teaching among Lecturers of Colleges of Education in Jigawa State
The study examined the perception and readiness of online teaching among lecturers of Colleges of education in Jigawa State. The study was carried out with four objectives, which are to; find out lecturers’ perception on online teaching in Colleges of Education in Jigawa State; identify lecturers’ readiness for the use of internet in teaching in Colleges of Education Jigawa State; find out the; determine the extent of interaction between lecturers’ perception and readiness in the use of mobile phones ,computers, tablets and software applications on the use of online teaching in Colleges of Education in Jigawa State; and assess the extent of lecturers’ utilisation of online teaching in Colleges of Education in Jigawa State. Four research questions and four hypotheses were formulated in line with the above-mentioned objectives. The study employed descriptive survey design with a total population of four hundred and thirty-two (432) and a sample size of three hundred and sixty-four (365) which was arrived at using researcher advisor table. The Data for the study was collected using questionnaire developed by the researcher titled Lecturers’ Perception and Readiness of Online Teaching Question (LPRAOTQ). The data collected were analyzed statistically using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25, at both descriptive and inferential levels. At descriptive level, the research questions were answered using mean and standard deviation. At inferential level, the hypotheses were tested using Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis (H) tests. The findings of the study revealed a significant difference between lecturers' perceptions of online teaching and the actual practice of online teaching. This suggests that lecturers may harbor misconceptions about the practical aspects of online teaching. The study also found that there was no significant difference in the preparedness of lecturers on the use of Internet for teaching in colleges of education in Jigawa State. This finding suggests that lecturers view online pedagogical approaches favourably and do not perceive strong barriers to their adoption. Another finding from the study is that there was no significant difference in lecturers’ perception and readiness in the use of ICT tools for online teaching in colleges of Education in Jigawa State, among other findings. Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that there was a significant difference between lecturers' perceptions of online teaching and the actual practice of online teaching and It was recommended among others that teacher educators should positively perceived online learning as effective leaning method for teacher education; teachers, school managers and National Commission for Colleges of Education (NCCE) should promote the use of ICT and internet in teacher education institutions; and college management and other relevant stakeholders should provide ICT and internet facilities in the Colleges of Education in Jigawa State.
Preference of Mother Tongue for Effective Understanding of Covid-19 Pandemic Disease in Three Selected Local Governments in Jigawa State of Nigeria
The study examined the preference of Mother Tongue (MT) for effective understanding of the COVID-19 pandemic in three selected Local Government Areas of Jigawa State, Nigeria. Two research questions were formulated to guide the study. The population consisted of residents from the three selected Local Government Areas, from which 215 respondents were randomly sampled. A structured questionnaire developed by the researcher served as the main instrument for data collection. The collected data were analyzed using frequency and percentage. The findings of the study revealed that the respondents prefer the use of Mother Tongue (MT) for effective understanding of COVID-19 disease in both social and official settings. It further showed that communication in MT through radio and mobile phones facilitates effective understanding of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study recommended, among others, that public health campaigns and awareness programs should adopt local languages to improve the effectiveness of health communication, especially in rural communities where literacy levels are low. In addition, government at all levels should ensure timely procurement of all relevant facilities to fight the pandemic disease when it emerges.
Enterprise Risk Management Practices and Financial Performance of SMEs: Moderating Role of Management Competence in Nigeria
Enterprise risk management (ERM) has become an essential component of modern corporate governance, providing organisations with structured approaches to identifying, assessing, and mitigating risk that may threaten long-term sustainability. This study investigates the moderating effects of management competence on the relationship between ERM and financial performance using a cross-sectional survey design. Primary data was collected through structured questionnaires administered to owners of SMEs. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to test the hypothesized relationship. Results reveal a positive and significant relationship between internal environment of ERM and revenue and sales growth of small and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria, a positive and significant relationship between risk assessment of ERM and revenue and sales growth of small and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria, a positive and significant relationship between risk response of ERM and revenue and sales growth of small and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria, a positive and significant relationship control activities of ERM and revenue and sales growth of small and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria and a positive and significant relationship between monitoring of ERM and on revenue and sales growth of small and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria and revenue and sales growth of small and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria. The study further emphasised that management competence enhances the effectiveness of ERM implementation. The policy implication is that regulators should encourage SMEs to institutionalize ERM practices as a mechanism for achieving financial stability and sustainable growth. Overall, this investigation contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence from survey-based data that ERM is a driver of superior financial performance.
Spiritual Accounting Practices and Corporate Financial Reporting Quality: Empirical Evidence from an Emerging Economy
This study explores the association between spiritual accounting practices and corporate financial reporting quality with a focus on stewardship, accountability, transparency and honesty, ethical decision-making and CSR integration with audit quality. Drawing from stakeholder theory and stewardship theory, the study argues that integrating spiritual values into accounting practices enhances the credibility and reliability of financial reports. Using a cross-sectional survey of accounting professionals and financial managers of firms listed on the NGX, data were collected and analysed through descriptive and inferential statistics to test the hypothesised association. The findings reveal a strong and positive association between stewardship of spiritual accounting and the reliability of financial reports of firms listed on the NGX in Nigeria; a strong and positive association between accountability of spiritual accounting and the reliability of financial reports of firms listed on the NGX in Nigeria; a strong and positive association between transparency and honesty of spiritual accounting and the reliability of financial reports of firms listed on the NGX in Nigeria; a strong and positive association between ethical decision-making of spiritual accounting and the reliability of financial reports of firms listed on the NGX in Nigeria; a strong and positive association between corporate social responsibility of spiritual accounting and the reliability of financial reports of firms listed on the NGX in Nigeria and a strong and positive association between audit quality and the reliability of financial reports of firms listed on the NGX in Nigeria. The study contributes to the growing body of literature on spirituality in business and financial ethics by demonstrating the practical role of spiritual accounting in enhancing reporting quality. It also provides useful implications for policymakers, who should encourage the integration of spiritual and ethical principles into financial reporting guidelines and professional training. Finally, the study highlights the need for future research to develop standardized measurement instruments for spiritual accounting and to extend the investigation across industries.
Health Effects of Sulfur and Nitrogen Oxides Along with Particulate Matter and Phthalate On Women and Children: An Investigation On Air Pollutants
Clean air is one of the basic requirements of human health. However, during the process of economic development, pollution is found to be a significant health hazard worldwide. Pollution is the introduction of harmful materials into the environment, which causes diseases and premature death. One of the major causative materials for pollution is pollutants. A pollutant is a substance introduced into the environment that has undesired effects. Among the different kinds of pollutants, air pollutants are easily spreadable. Air pollutants refer to naturally occurring substances, such as particulate matter, ozone, sulfur oxide, nitrogen oxides, phthalate, and volatile organic compounds. Household combustion devices, motor vehicles, burning of fossil fuels, industrial facilities, and forest fires are common sources of air pollutants. Thus, these air pollutant substances affect the health of children and women. Also, Air pollutants cause mortality as well as specific diseases, such as stroke, ischaemic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pneumonia in women and children. Therefore, the current review paper's objective is to explain air pollutants, such as sulfur and nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, and phthalate along with their health effects. Also, this review explains the air pollutants, their types, and their health effects on women and children.
Bridging CPD Gaps: A Comparative Analysis of English Language Lecturers’ Professional Development Needs in Nigerian Colleges of Education
Continuous Professional Development (CPD) is critical to enhancing the pedagogical competence and professional growth of English language lecturers in teacher education institutions. However, in Nigeria, lecturers in Colleges of Education face persistent challenges in accessing structured CPD opportunities, including inadequate institutional support, limited funding, and overreliance on donor-driven initiatives. This paper presents a conceptual analysis of the professional development needs of English lecturers in two Colleges of Education in Jigawa State, situating the discussion within global best practices for teacher education. Drawing on recent literature and international competency frameworks, the paper highlights five essential CPD domains: pedagogical knowledge, language proficiency, assessment literacy, digital teaching competence, and professional values. It argues for the adoption of sustainable, institutionally driven CPD models—such as mentorship, reflective practice, peer observation, and blended learning approaches—that align with both local needs and international standards. The paper contributes a theoretical framework for strengthening CPD in Nigerian Colleges of Education, providing evidence-based recommendations for policymakers, institutional leaders, and development partners. Ultimately, it underscores the urgent need to institutionalize CPD as a strategic component of teacher education reforms to improve the quality of English language instruction and better prepare future teachers for 21st-century classrooms.
English Language, Teaching, Literature, Linguistics and Communication
Addressing Writing Deficiencies: Innovative Strategies for Enhancing English Writing Skills Among Junior Secondary School Students in Jigawa State
This study investigates strategies to improve English writing proficiency among junior secondary school students in Jigawa State, Nigeria. Writing in English poses significant challenges for students, resulting from limited vocabulary, inadequate teaching methods, and a lack of confidence. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining surveys and interviews with 300 students and 30 teachers to identify key challenges and evaluate current instructional practices. An intervention involving peer feedback, process writing, and mentor texts was implemented over a 10-week period. Pre- and post-test evaluations showed a significant improvement in students’ writing proficiency, with average scores increasing from 38% to 65%. Students also demonstrated increased confidence and engagement in writing tasks. Teachers reported that structured writing processes and collaborative learning were particularly effective in enhancing students' ability to organize their thoughts and apply grammatical rules. The study concludes that integrating these strategies into the English language curriculum can substantially improve writing skills and overall academic performance. Recommendations for policy and future research are also provided.
Stress Assignment Patterns in Compound Words Among Prospective English Language Teachers in Universities in South Western States of Nigeria
English stress, a key suprasegmental feature, remains a major challenge for Nigerians learning English as a second language. While previous studies have examined intonation, performance, and varieties of Nigerian English, limited attention has been given to stress in compound words. This study investigated stress assignment patterns among prospective English language teachers (PELTS) in universities across South-West Nigeria. A mixed-methods design was employed, involving 100 PELTs from four universities. Data were collected through a 20-word corpus analyzed with PRAAT Speech Analysis Software and a survey questionnaire. Guided by Metrical Phonology and Cognitive Social Learning theories, the study analyzed pitch, intensity, and duration across native and non-native groups. Findings revealed consistent difficulty among PELTs in assigning stress correctly to compound words, affecting pronunciation intelligibility. The study recommends targeted phonological training, integration of speech technology, and curriculum reforms to enhance stress competence among future teachers.
Application of ICT for Effective Performance in Teaching and Learning in Jigawa State College of Education and Legal Studies, Ringim
This study examines the role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in enhancing teaching and learning processes at Jigawa State College of Education and Legal Studies, Ringim. Despite the global emphasis on digital education, many Nigerian tertiary institutions, including this college, struggle with inadequate ICT integration, affecting academic performance. The research assesses the level of ICT adoption, identifies key challenges, and proposes solutions for improved implementation. Using a mixed-method approach, data was collected through questionnaires and interviews with lecturers and students. Findings reveal that while ICT has the potential to improve education delivery, challenges such as poor infrastructure, insufficient training, unstable power supply, and limited internet access hinder its effectiveness. The study recommends increased investment in ICT facilities, regular professional development for educators, alternative power solutions, and stronger partnerships with government and private stakeholders to support sustainable ICT integration. The findings contribute to the ongoing discourse on educational technology in Nigeria, providing actionable insights for policymakers and institutional administrators to enhance teaching and learning outcomes through ICT.
Artificial Intelligence and Academic Writing: A Case Study of STEM Undergraduates
The emergence of generative artificial intelligence (AI), particularly tools such as ChatGPT, has introduced new complexities into the teaching and learning of academic writing. For students in STEM disciplines, who often regard writing as a secondary skill compared to technical expertise, AI offers unprecedented support in grammar, vocabulary, and organization. Yet, it simultaneously raises concerns related to authenticity, critical engagement, and academic honesty. This article presents findings from a mixed-methods study conducted with undergraduate STEM students enrolled in composition courses at San Diego State University Georgia. By combining textual analysis of student assignments with reflective surveys, the study identifies both opportunities and risks associated with AI-assisted writing. Results reveal improvements in surface-level accuracy, vocabulary range, and time management, counterbalanced by challenges in synthesis, overreliance on automated support, and instances of fabricated references. The study argues for a reimagined pedagogy that integrates AI not as a substitute for student thinking but as a scaffold for deeper engagement, fostering reflective practice, ethical awareness, and sustainable autonomy in writing development.
Impact of Motivation on Language Profi-ciency of Vocational Education Trainees in Saudi Arabia
This article explores the impact of motivation on the English language proficiency of oil industry trainees in Saudi Arabia, with a focus on vocational and technical education contexts. Recognizing English as a critical tool for communication, safety, and technical operations in the oil sector, the study examines how various motivational constructs influence language learning outcomes through answering this research question: How motivational strategies can be used to enhance the language proficiency of oil industry trainees in Saudi Arabia? Drawing on key theories including Gardner’s Socio-Educational Model, Dörnyei’s L2 Motivational Self System, and Self-Determination Theory, the article analyzes different types of motivation (integrative, instrumental, intrinsic, and extrinsic) and their relevance to the vocational education settings. Scheidecker and Freeman (cited in Dornyei, 2001:1) point out that ‘motivation is, without question, the most complex and challenging issue facing teachers today.’ Accordingly, this study presents some pedagogical implications, emphasizing the importance of aligning instructional strategies with learners’ motivational orientations to enhance engagement and proficiency. Through a synthesis of theoretical perspectives and practical insights, the article highlights how motivation shapes language learning success and offers recommendations for improving English language instruction for vocational education trainees in Saudi Arabia.
Taxpayers’ Education and Revenue Generation in Bayelsa State: Moderating Role of Tax Justice
This study investigates the moderating role of tax justice on the relationship between tax education and revenue generation in Bayelsa State. While tax education has been widely recognised as a critical tool for enhancing tax compliance and boosting government revenue, its effectiveness is often influenced by taxpayers’ perceptions of fairness, transparency, and equity within the tax system. The study adopted a survey research design with a target population consisting of registered taxpayers (both individuals and business owners) and tax officials in Bayelsa State. A multistage sampling technique was employed, and the Cochran formula was used for sample size determination. A questionnaire was used as the primary source of data collection, with a total of 218 copies of questionnaires returned and used with descriptive, correlation matrix and multiple regression techniques for data analysis. The multiple regression analysis reveals that electronic tax education had a positive and significant relationship with revenue generation. Print tax education had a positive and significant relationship with revenue generation. Stakeholder tax education had a positive and significant relationship with revenue generation. Furthermore, tax justice positively and significantly moderates the relationship between tax education and revenue generation in Bayelsa State. The study concludes that tax education (electronic, print and stakeholder sensitisation) is a significant determinant of revenue generation, and tax justice significantly moderates the association between tax education and revenue generation in Bayelsa State. The study recommends, amongst others, that tax authorities should adopt a holistic approach by combining educational efforts with justice-enhancing reforms, and tax education initiatives should not only focus on technical aspects, but also address fairness, government accountability, and the rationale behind tax collection and revenue generation.
Evaluating Teachers’ Formative Assessment Practices and the Promotion of 21st Century Competencies in Primary Schools
In the 21st century, globalization, technological advancement, and shifting societal needs have created a complex landscape that demands more than traditional knowledge. To thrive, individuals must possess essential competencies like problem solving, decision making effective communication and collaboration. The study investigates the relationship between formative assessment practices and the development of the 21st century competencies among learners. Using a descriptive survey research design, data was collected from 315 primary school teachers via questionnaire, selected through stratified sampling. Multiple regression analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between frequency of formative assessment practices, challenges, support and the development of 21st century competencies. Specifically, practices like project based assessment, practical work and multimedia projects enhance digital literacy, communication, creativity, life skills, critical thinking and physical wellbeing. The study recommends integrating multidisciplinary assignments, personalized learning pathway and technology facilitated cross cultural collaboration into assessment procedures to accommodate diverse learning styles and aptitudes. These findings have implications for educators, policy makers, stakeholders seeking to prepare learners for success in a rapid evolving world
Use of Moodle in Georgian Higher Education: Students’ Perspective
Nowadays, the educational discourse is closely tied to the concept of technological advancement that the 21st century is commonly associated with. Technological advancements have transformed education through the integration of digital learning platforms. Moodle, a widely adopted Learning Management System (LMS), is available across higher educational institutions in Georgia, including Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University (TSU). Despite its institutional availability, integration of Moodle within the English Philology program remains limited. The paper examines the perceptions and use of Moodle by TSU undergraduate students in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) courses. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, using quantitative and qualitative research methods. The data were collected via a survey questionnaire designed in Google Form and circulated online. A total of 40 purposively selected students (third- and fourth-year) filled in the questionnaire.Following a detailed analysis of the survey, findings reveal that Moodle is primarily used for assessment-related activities (quizzes, homework submission) and accessing course materials, with limited engagement in collaborative or interactive tools such as forums, workshops, and feedback. Usage frequency is moderate, suggesting a supplementary rather than central role in learning. Low awareness of plagiarism detection tools (Turnitin) indicate missed opportunities for enhancing academic integrity and student engagement. Additionally, the paper offers a few recommendations.
Influence of Job Stress on Burnout Among Academic Staff of Polytechnics in Southwest Nigeria
This study examined the influence of job stress on burnout among academic staff of polytechnics in Southwest Nigeria. A descriptive survey research design was employed, utilizing a multi-stage sampling technique. The population comprised all academic staff of polytechnics in Southwest Nigeria, with a sample of 480 participants selected through multi-stage random sampling. Data were collected using the Job-Related Tension Index (JRTI), developed by Kahn, Wolfe, Quinn, Snock, and Rosenthal (1964), to assess job stress, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), developed by Maslach and Jackson (1986), to measure burnout. The findings revealed a significant influence of job stress on burnout among the academic staff (t(478) = -5.26, p < .01), with a strong positive correlation between job stress and burnout (r = .72, p < .01). Additionally, no significant gender differences were observed in burnout levels (t(478) = -0.92, p > .05). The study contributes to the existing body of knowledge and offers recommendations to polytechnic management, regulatory bodies, and government on policies and strategies to mitigate burnout among academic staff.
Does the Wavefunction Act as a Magnetic Potential?
After exhaustive research in the theoretical foundations of quantum mechanics we try to explain what the wavefunction might be.
Assessment of Digital Literacy Skills and Exploitation of Electronic Resources by Undergraduate Students in Tertiary Institutions in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
The work accessed digital literacy skills and exploitation of electronic resources by Undergraduate Students in tertiary institutions in Akwa Ibom State. The main objective was to evaluate students’ digital skills in utilization of electronic resources. The study was conducted in three tertiary institutions in the study area. The population of the study was 1,570 registered undergraduate students for the 2022/2023 academic session, out of which a sample size of 375 were selected through accidental sampling techniques to take part in the study. The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire titled, "Digital Literacy Skills and Exploitation of Electronic Resources by Undergraduate Students in tertiary institutions Questionnaire (DLSEERUEQ). The instrument was validated by two experts in University of Uyo, one of whom is an expert in the education foundation test and measurement from the University of Uyo. The data collected was analyzed using simple regression analysis in answering both research questions and testing of hypotheses at .05 level of significance. The results revealed that there is significant relationship between digital literacy skills and exploitation of electronic resources by Undergraduate Students in tertiary institutions in Akwa Ibom State. The study conclude that the digital skills is an essential skill for effective utilization of electronic resources in today global environment. Hence, recommends among that Departments in tertiary institutions should be collaborate to design course contents on analytical skills in order to help students acquire analytical skills in accessing information as well as data interpretation. Keywords: digital skills, exploitation
Financial Modeling for Climate Resilience: The Role of AI in Measuring Long-Term Environmental Impact
Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly applied to climate finance as a tool for modeling risks, forecasting environmental changes, and supporting sustainability metrics. This study presents a scoping review of 38 peer-reviewed articles to examine how AI methods are used in financial modeling for climate resilience. Using PRISMA guidelines, articles were sourced from Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar and analyzed through thematic coding. The results show that AI techniques, particularly machine learning, deep learning, and hybrid models, are widely adopted for applications including emissions forecasting, carbon pricing, ESG investment analysis, and climate adaptation planning. Four major thematic areas emerged: (1) predictive modeling of climate-related financial risk, (2) AI-driven ESG and carbon finance tools, (3) long-term environmental impact assessment, and (4) AI-supported strategies for business and infrastructure resilience. Despite progress, challenges persist around data access, model interpretability, and integration with financial decision-making frameworks. Few studies fully assess the environmental footprint of AI systems or their deployment in under-resourced regions. The review identifies gaps in empirical validation, regional diversity, and ethical standards. It calls for a collaborative research agenda focused on explainable AI, standardized indicators, and inclusive data systems. Findings provide a roadmap for integrating AI responsibly into climate finance, enabling more resilient economic planning and environmental governance.
Leadership Skills and Cultural Dispensation in School Management: Perspectives of SDA CoE Management, Students and Lecturers
Exploration study was to identify leadership styles and cultural dispensation that support effective management in schools. Strategically the study looked at how effective leadership skills and cultural dispensation adopted informs effective leadership. Using Concurrent Triangulation Design under the descriptive survey design was employed to gather and analyse data in the context of qualitative and quantitative approach, data was collected using questionnaire, and semi structured interviews. Multi stage sampling techniques was used to. select three hundred and seven (307) participants that included (20) lecturers, (2) Principal/Vice principals, (285) Teacher-trainees and one (1) officer. Frequency tables, percentages, and person correlation statistical tool. Thematic analytical frame formed the qualitative data analysis. Respondents were ambivalent about their perception about the leadership styles, again respondents agreed that the culture of the college influences the leadership style adopted. Further, the findings of the study revealed that there was statistically significant difference in the lecturer’s leadership styles and their teaching experience. It was concluded that lecturers and students have varying views about use of leadership style/strategies within the college leadership, hence need for leaders to operate on same wavelength when it comes to use of leadership styles. It was therefore recommended that sensitization drive to help better understanding on use of leadership styles/strategies as well as versatility of school culture on leadership style/strategies of the SDA College of education.
Nigerian Military, Nation-Building and Development, 1979-1999
The question often asked was: Could the military have been in power without achieving anything? Why did they venture into governance? This was against the background that military rule was variously said to be worse than he worst civilian government. Yet, the military were vindicated after an examination of the roles they played in Nigeria between 1979 and 1999. In the build up to the evolution of the Nigeria’s modern military, it was observed that the military was prodded to take over power from the First Republic political leaders for obvious corruption and nepotism before the eruption of the Biafra-Nigeria civil War (1967-1970). It was concluded that the military acquitted itself through its contributions to peace and unity; and to the task of nation building.
History, International Relation, Political Science and Administration
Census in Nigeria: The Processes,Politicization and Implications from Coloniality to Post-Coloniality
The importance of census undertakings since independence paled into insignificance as a result of the wrangling that pervaded the activities of the disparate agglomerating ethnic units in Nigeria. This was in addition to government’s unpreparedness that was exacerbated by low capital and human capacity deficits. Yet, census was relevant since it provided the benchmark for the generation of social, economic and political data that, in turn, made for effective and efficient planning and programming. This paper examined census undertakings nexus how effectively and successfully Nigeria’s National Population Commission (NPC) conducted headcounts in the country; the problems encountered; and the often non-compliance by ethnic and dissident groups in not allowing their members participate in them. It assessed the implications of these problems vis-à-vis economic planning, growth and development. The paper concluded that the inability of the NPC to conduct censuses and the often non-compliance of ethnic groups, militants and secessionists, affected Nigeria’s overall growth and development. Primary and secondary sources were used in writing this paper while internet sources served complementary and subsidiary purposes.
Women and Modernization of Tailoring Production in Northern Nigeria 1990-2015
The nature of tailoring production shows that many women tailors who produce clothing to the direct order of personal consumers are artisans. They engage directly in production, either working alone or with the assistance of family members or unrelated apprentices[1]. As a result of the development of new tailoring machines, the business of tailoring began to take new dimension, because the tailored women began to expand the business by establishing modern and new fashion centers such as Farees Couture by Farida Said at Zoo road, Fashion Empire by Zainab Lawal at Yahaya Gusau road established in 2012 and KMM Couture by Khadija Munnir Rabiu at Goron Dutse established in 2014 all within the metropolis. The role of women in textile craftwork within the metropolitan area of Kano cannot be over-emphasized. Kano is endowed with several traditional crafts existing for centuries; those of which we are familiar with include cloth-making, embroidery of stitched men’s cap, tailoring, dyeing, weaving, and spinning to name the most important ones. This paper concentrates on the role of women in modernization and reorganization of textile production mainly tailoring in Kano metropolis by examining how modernization and globalization of tailoring as a trade affected the socio-economic re-orientation of Kano metropolis.