British Journal of Multidisciplinary and Advanced Studies
British Journal of Multidisciplinary and Advanced Studies is a multidisciplinary research platform in all disciplines – Business and Management Sciences, Arts and Humanities, Sciences, Engineering and Technology, and Medical Sciences.The Journal provides an international forum for discussion and debate, for individual, academics and practitioners to promote their double blinded peer reviewed works on any field. The purpose is to explore the field of Multidisciplinary Research directed for, academics, researchers and practitioners working in any area.
Organisational Justice as Determinant of Perceived Career Success among Female Academics in Higher Institutions in South-West Nigeria
This study examined organisational justice as a determinant of perceived career success among female academics in higher institutions in South-West Nigeria. Specifically, it assessed the relative influence of distributive, procedural, interpersonal, and informational justice on perceived career success. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted, and data was collected from 319 female academics in selected public and private universities in Oyo, Osun, and Ekiti States using structured questionnaires. Findings showed that organisational justice significantly predicted perceived career success. Out of the four organisational justice dimensions, distributive justice was the strongest predictor, followed by interpersonal justice, while procedural and informational justice did not significantly predict perceived career success. In summary, fair organisational outcomes and respectful interpersonal treatment are central to female academics’ perceptions of career success. It recommends that higher institutions strengthen equitable access to promotions, research opportunities, leadership roles, professional recognition, and respectful workplace relationships to enhance female academics’ career development.
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Knowledge of Antenatal Attendees Regarding Maternal Mortality Risk Factors at Primary Healthcare Facilities in Oluyole Local Government, Oyo State, Nigeria
Nigeria is bewildered with so many public health challenges, and one among them is maternal mortality. The study was purposeful to assess knowledge of antenatal attendees regarding maternal mortality risk factors at primary healthcare facilities in Oluyole local government (LG), Oyo State, Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional survey design. The population of the study comprised antenatal attendees at primary healthcare facilities in Oluyole LG. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select the sample size of 230. Validated structured questionnaire was used to obtain data. Reliability was established using Cronbach’s alpha, yielding a coefficient of 0.86. A chi-square was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that there was difference in the distribution of responses with significantly more antenatal attendees demonstrated adequate knowledge regarding maternal age (χ2 = 477.37, > 3.841. p < .001); low economic status (χ2 = 375.24 > 3.841. p < .001); and inadequate knowledge regarding malnutrition (χ2 = 59.40 > 3.841. p < .001) as risk factors for maternal mortality in Oluyole LG, Oyo State. Antenatal attendees had adequate knowledge regarding maternal age and low economic status, while there was inadequate knowledge regarding malnutrition as risk factors for maternal mortality. It was recommended that, during antenatal sessions, health personnel should emphasis on dangers associated with pregnancy among adolescents and > 40 years, the benefits of attending nearby health facilities during delivery, and nutrition education through food demonstration to dispel food myths, and thereby promote healthy pregnancy outcomes.
Influence of Local Governance Stability and Recruitment On Retention of Barangay Health Workers Continuity of Care
This study examined how local governance stability and recruitment practices affect the retention and continuity of care among Barangay Health Workers (BHWs). Keeping BHWs engaged is important to ensure continuous and quality primary health services in the community. The study focused on governance factors such as training, supervision, and resource continuity, as well as recruitment factors like political turnover and program focus. A quantitative descriptive-correlational design was used. Ethical approval and permissions were secured before data collection. Data were gathered using a questionnaire with informed consent and were completed within one week. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression. The results showed that local governance stability was high in terms of training, supervision, and resource continuity. Recruitment was moderately affected by political turnover but showed high alignment with program needs. Retention of BHWs was also high, showing strong motivation and commitment. The study found a significant relationship between governance stability and retention, while recruitment had no significant relationship. Resource continuity and program focus were identified as key factors that influence retention. In conclusion, stable governance, consistent resources, and clear program direction help improve BHW retention and continuity of care. Strengthening these areas is recommended to support long-term community health services.
History, International Relation, Political Science and Administration
Enhancing Child Safety and Security in Nigeria: Strategies for Stakeholder Collaboration, Awareness, and Institutional Frameworks
Child safety and security have become increasingly critical global and national concerns due to the rising exposure of children to abuse, trafficking, exploitation, violence, and cyber-related threats. In Nigeria, children face multidimensional vulnerabilities stemming from insecurity, poverty, weak institutional frameworks, and inadequate stakeholder coordination. Despite the existence of legal instruments such as the Child Rights Act and international conventions, implementation remains inconsistent, leaving many children unprotected. This study examines strategies for enhancing child safety and security in Nigeria through effective stakeholder collaboration, public awareness, and strengthened institutional frameworks. The study is anchored on Social Protection Theory, which emphasizes collective responsibility and institutional mechanisms for safeguarding vulnerable populations. It highlights major child safety challenges in Nigeria, including child trafficking, kidnapping, child labour, sexual abuse, insurgency-related violence, and digital exploitation. It also evaluates the roles of key stakeholders such as government agencies, schools, families, religious bodies, civil society organizations, and the media in promoting child protection. Furthermore, the study explores the effectiveness of awareness campaigns, advocacy programmes, and digital literacy initiatives in reducing child vulnerability. Findings from the study indicate that weak inter-agency coordination, inadequate funding, poor enforcement of laws, and low public awareness significantly undermine child protection efforts in Nigeria. The study further reveals that fragmented institutional responses and limited capacity for cyber protection have increased children’s exposure to emerging threats, particularly in digital spaces. It therefore emphasizes the need for integrated and collaborative approaches involving all stakeholders to ensure sustainable child safety outcomes. The study concludes that enhancing child safety and security in Nigeria requires strong institutional reforms, improved stakeholder collaboration, and sustained public awareness. It recommends stricter enforcement of child protection laws, establishment of specialized child protection units, integration of child safety education in schools, increased community participation, and improved inter-agency coordination. Ultimately, protecting children is presented as a national security and development priority essential for Nigeria’s long-term stability and progress.
Recent Advancements in Bioconcrete Technology
The present paper is an elaboration of the current study of bioconcrete technology with the applications of urease-producing microbes to produce stronger and more durable bioconcrete in the future. This is performed through microbiologically induced calcite precipitation (MICP) to restore concrete structures with the help of biomineralization of CaCO3 using microbes. The main objective of the review is to discuss the applications of microbes to improve the quality of cement concrete. The review also discusses the biotechnology of bioconcrete production, as well as the physicochemical and bioengineering properties of bioconcrete in the light of recent research carried out in this field.
Tourism Potential Index Mapping for Underdeveloped Historical Sites in South West Nigeria: A GIS-Based Suitability Model
Historical and cultural heritage sites in Southwest Nigeria have immense potential for tourism development but remain underdeveloped due to poor infrastructure, accessibility, and investment prioritization. While previous studies have documented the preservation problems and the state of sites, a systematized approach to site identification with the highest potential for tourism development has been lacking. This study develops a Tourism Potential Index (TPI), a GIS-based suitability model that ranks historic sites by their readiness for tourism investment. The model was built using ArcGIS Pro and was based on spatial criteria of site condition, accessibility from the road network, proximity to urban centers and transport hubs, available infrastructure, and cultural or historical importance. The criteria were weighted using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). They were combined through Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) to derive a composite suitability score per site. Twenty-six historic and cultural heritage sites were identified across the six states of Southwest Nigeria and profiled according to the managing authority, site condition, and immediate infrastructural context. The index classifies sites into different priority categories, from immediate investment to infrastructural development or even long-term conservation. This study goes beyond descriptive assessment by translating data on condition and accessibility into an explicit, spatially referenced decision support tool to enable policymakers, tourism boards, and heritage managers to prioritize scarce resources. The findings promote a more strategic and evidence-based approach to tourism planning in Southwest Nigeria, thus enhancing the sustainable conservation of heritage and unlocking the socio-economic benefits of tourism at hitherto neglected historic sites.
Production of Antidiabetic Modified Cassava Flour Manihot Esculenta Crantz, withα-Glucosidase and α-Amylase Activities as Measured by Post Prandial Blood Glucose Response, Glycemic Indices and Organoleptic Properties
Modified Cassava flour production is a spinoff of biotechnology R&D initiatives of Akwa Ibom state University, tailored towards providing modified Cassava flour for individuals with certain metabolic disorders such as Diabetes Mellitus (type 2 diabetes). However, cassava flour modified with biomas was prepared into paste and consumed with sauce /soup. The effect of bioprocessing on the bioactive constituents and antidiabetic activities were investigated after consumption /digestion of the flour. Blood glucose concentration was measured after the consumption of the Test diets and the Control. The results showed a significant (P < 0.05) effect of treatment on the physicochemical parameters of the modified flour. However, post Prandial Blood Glucose contents and glycemic index decreased after digestion, with high α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase inhibitory activities observed, thus showing antidiabetic activities. Therefore, we recommend this modified cassava flour for its biological activities suitable for individuals with certain metabolic disorders.
AI Techniques on Minimizing Production Cost
The garment industry faces intense competition, high labor costs, and complex supply chain challenges. Artificial Intelligence (AI) provides powerful tools for cost minimization through predictive analytics, optimization, automation, and intelligent decision-making. This paper explores key AI techniques—including machine learning, deep learning, reinforcement learning, genetic algorithms, and simulation models—that optimize supplier selection, production planning, quality control, logistics, and inventory management. Results show AI-driven models reduce production cost by 15–25% while enhancing efficiency and sustainability.
Study of the Antibacterial Activities of Some Oximes and Their Corresponding Benzyl Oxime Ethers
Five oximes and five of their corresponding benzyl oxime ethers 1 – 10 were synthesized. The antibacterial activities of these oxime derivatives were determined against the E. coli at the concentration of 30 ppm in DMSO. The obtained results were compared with the commercially available antibacterial drug, cefotaaxime. The benzyl oxime ether 6 was the only oxime derivative in this study that showed an excellent inhibition rate reaching 90%, whereas the commercially available antibacterial agent, the cefotaaxime, exhibited low inhibition effect of just 16%. The other oximes and the benzyl oxime ethers 1 – 5 and 7 – 10 exhibited low inhibitory levels of 17% – 34%.
Curbing Financial Accounting Phobia Through Teacher-Student Relationship in Atiba Local Government Senior Secondary School
Financial Accounting is part of the Business Studies Curriculum in the group of Vocational Subjects in secondary schools and tertiary institutions. Hence, this paper inquires into a method to curb financial accounting phobia through the teacher-student relationship in Atiba Local Government Senior Secondary Schools. The descriptive method was used. In this paper, conceptual clarifications of terms were made while attachment theory was adopted for the study. Also, it traces the historical background of Atiba Local Government, highlights the Provisions of the National Policy on Education on Finance, and highlights the Role of Teachers in Curbing Financial Accounting Phobia. Equally, the causes and remedies of the horror were discussed. The findings revealed that some teachers are not capable of teaching the subject matter in financial accounting which causes student phobia and leads to failure during exams. Based on the discussion of the relevant literature and opinions, it was recommended that governments at all levels should sponsor financial accounting teacher for ensuring training and retraining in the form of workshops, conferences, and seminars for them to make their class interesting and inspiring. There must be collaborative efforts between Parents Forum and School Administrators in supervising Financial Accounting students to comply with standards to enhance good academic performance.
Human Development and Digitalisation in Nigeria: Implications for Educational Planning, Resource Allocation and Sustainability
Human development remains a central objective of national development, with education serving as a critical pathway for expanding human capabilities and improving quality of life. In recent decades, digitalisation has transformed social, economic, and educational systems, reshaping how knowledge is produced, accessed, and managed. In Nigeria, the growing influence of digital technologies presents new opportunities for enhancing human development through improved access to education, innovative learning approaches, and more efficient educational management. At the same time, it raises significant challenges related to planning, resource allocation, equity, and sustainability. This paper examines human development in a digitalised era with a specific focus on its implications for educational planning, resource allocation, and sustainability in Nigeria. Adopting a conceptual and policy-oriented approach, the paper draws on relevant development theories, educational management perspectives, and national policy frameworks to analyse how digitalisation is redefining educational priorities and planning processes. The paper argues that effective educational planning in a digitalised context requires strategic alignment between human development goals, digital competencies, institutional capacity, and sustainable financing. It further highlights that without deliberate planning and equitable resource allocation, digitalisation may deepen existing inequalities rather than promote inclusive human development. The paper concludes that Nigerian educational managers and planners must adopt forward-looking, inclusive, and sustainable strategies that integrate digital technologies into education systems while addressing structural constraints. By focusing on policy coherence, capacity building, and long-term sustainability, the paper contributes to ongoing discussions on how education can be effectively managed and planned to support human development in Nigeria’s digital era.
Transforming Libraries Through Automation and Cloud-Based Integrated Library Systems: Enhancing Efficiency, Accessibility, and User Experience
The rapid advancement of information and communication technologies has significantly transformed the functioning of modern libraries. Traditional manual library operations are increasingly being replaced by automated and cloud-based systems that improve efficiency, accessibility, and resource management. Library automation refers to the application of technology to perform routine library tasks such as cataloging, circulation, acquisitions, inventory control, and patron management. This paper examines the role of library automation systems and Integrated Library Systems (ILS) in enhancing library services and operational effectiveness. It also explores the growing importance of cloud-based library management software in providing scalable, secure, and user-friendly services for both librarians and patrons. The study highlights major benefits including reduced workload, improved accuracy, centralized data management, remote accessibility, enhanced patron satisfaction, and automation of repetitive tasks. Furthermore, the paper discusses the challenges faced by libraries without modern technological integration and provides important considerations for selecting suitable library management software. The findings suggest that adopting automation and cloud technologies is essential for libraries to remain relevant in the digital era and to effectively meet the evolving information needs of users. The study concludes that modern automated and cloud-enabled library systems are not merely technological upgrades but strategic tools that support innovation, digital inclusion, and improved knowledge dissemination in contemporary libraries.
Counselling for Career Innovation, National Development and Sustainability: Be Your Own Boss
This position paper examines counselling for career innovation, national development, and sustainability through the lens of being one’s own boss. In response to increasing labour market uncertainty and the declining capacity of formal employment systems, self-employment has emerged as a significant career pathway across diverse contexts. Drawing on Life Design Theory and Sustainable Career Theory, the article explains being one’s own boss as an intentional process of career construction that requires adaptability, meaning-making, and long-term viability. An entrepreneurship counselling-focused perspective was adopted, arguing that self-employment outcomes are shaped not only by economic conditions but also by psychological readiness, career self-management skills, and access to structured guidance. Using a Nigerian context as an illustrative case, the article demonstrates how career counselling can support individuals to develop entrepreneurial mindsets, navigate uncertainty, and align personal aspirations with broader development and sustainability goals. Particular attention is given to counselling approaches, strategies, and responses that promote innovation, resilience, quality of life, and social contribution. The paper advances the position that career counselling should be redefined as a strategic intervention within employment, education, and development agendas, capable of supporting sustainable self-directed careers. By integrating counselling theory with sustainability and development concerns, the article contributes to global discussions on the future of work and the role of career guidance in fostering inclusive and resilient labour markets.
Provision of Support Services for Learners with Intellectual Disabilities in Ghanaian Unit Schools
The purpose of the study was to investigate the type of support services teachers provide for learners with intellectual disabilities in unit schools in the Eastern Region of Ghana. The cross-sectional survey was employed for the study. The sample size was 57, and the sampling technique was a census survey. A questionnaire was used as the main instrument for data collection, and Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS 21.0) was used for the analysis. Findings of the study revealed that teachers in the unit schools provide counselling services, academic support services, social support services, self-help skills support, and transport support services to learners with intellectual disabilities. The findings again revealed that there was no significant difference in the support services provided for learners with intellectual disabilities. It was recommended that the Ministry of Education should make a policy for the provision of guidance and counselling services to the various unit schools in the Eastern Region of Ghana and across the whole country.
Education, Learning, Training & Development
A Socio-Pragmatic Analysis of Politeness Strategies in Whats App Instant Messaging Communication among Palestinian University Students and Lecturers in post 2023-2025 Gaza War
In the aftermath of the 2023-2025 Gaza war, academic environment has increasingly relied on online learning rather than face-to-face education. Interaction between Palestinian students and their lecturers has shifted to instant messaging through various digital platforms. This informal means of communication was thought to transcend the classroom etiquette. The current qualitative study presents a socio-pragmatic analysis of language politeness in interactions between students and lecturers on WhatsApp groups where using politeness expressions in such contexts is crucial. The study aims to investigate the politeness strategies adopted by Palestinian lecturers and their students on the WhatsApp groups designated for academic interactions. It employs a qualitative approach grounded in Brown and Levinson's (1987) politeness theory. Nine exchanges between students themselves and with their lecturers were randomly selected from different WhatsApp groups as the data of the current study in the first semester of the academic year 2025/2026. The data were analyzed in light of the five politeness strategies proposed by Brown and Levinson. The findings indicate that both Palestinian lecturers and students employ complex array of politeness strategies in order to maintain social harmony and to foster positive communication despite stress, anxiety and depression they experienced throughout wartime. Student-student interactions favour positive, negative and bald-on record politeness strategies; however, in student- professor interactions, positive and negative politeness strategies are prioritized most frequently to navigate power dynamics while professor-student discourse employs a broader spectrum, including off-record strategy. These linguistic choices serve as tools for fostering collective solidarity within the educational landscape. In light of these findings, more insightful research is required to investigate politeness strategies on other digital platforms.
Homocysteine Vs Cholosterol: A Comparison of Pathogenetic Risk Factors
The European healthcare landscape of 2025 confirms and worsens the presence of chronic diseases – Non Communicable Chronic diseases (NCDs) – which continue to be the leading cause of illness, disability, and death in most countries. The data emerging from the latest OECD and WHO Europe reports (Health at a Glance 2025) is unequivocal: chronic conditions are no longer a component of the system, but rather its core. The economic sustainability of care, people's quality of life, and governments' ability to respond to increasingly complex and ongoing needs depend on them. In this article we will describe the main chronic degenerative diseases with a focus on the most important and widespread ones, in order to identify the pathogenic factors responsible for their onset and the risk factors to keep under close observation. We will make a comparison between the two main killers for these pathologies, cholesterol and homocysteine and their excess blood values. We will highlight how, while blood cholesterol has become routinely included in cardiovascular disease screening and in established preventive and therapeutic protocols, blood homocysteine has not yet received the necessary attention, as an important, broad-spectrum independent risk factor, for the control of these diseases. Comparing the two metabolic parameters will highlight the urgency of including homocysteine in prevention protocols not only for cardiovascular diseases, but also for many other chronic diseases.
Overview of International Financial System: How It Affects Nigeria Financial System
The study investigated how international financial systems affect Nigerian financial systems to show which international financial elements impact Nigerian financial stability. The study adopts a qualitative, theoretical approach based on a systematic review of recent literature, guided by the International Financial Integration Theory and the Mundell-Fleming Model. The findings show that capital flows and exchange rate movements and institutional partnerships and capital market connections serve as the primary channels which connect the two systems. Financial integration provides better capital access which helps financial growth but it makes businesses more vulnerable to external market disturbances while restricting their ability to manage monetary policy. The study concludes that the relationship requires both financial openness and regulatory control to achieve its full advantages while maintaining its potential dangers. The researchers propose that domestic institutions should be strengthened while adaptive policy frameworks should be implemented to establish better resilience.
AI-Driven Counselling Interventions for Predicting and Preventing Xenophobic Attacks Among South African Youths
This study examined AI-driven counselling interventions for predicting and preventing xenophobic attacks among South African youths. Specifically, it investigated how artificial intelligence–supported counselling strategies identify early warning signs of xenophobic tendencies, reduce hostile attitudes, and promote social cohesion. A descriptive survey design with a correlational approach was adopted. The population comprised youths aged 18–35 years from selected provinces in South Africa with histories of xenophobic incidents. A sample of 500 respondents was selected using multistage sampling techniques. Data were collected using three instruments: the AI-Driven Counselling and Xenophobia Prevention Questionnaire (AICXPQ), AI Predictive Risk Assessment Checklist (AIPRAC), and Focus Group Discussion Guide (FGDG). Validity was established through expert review, while reliability coefficients of 0.87 and 0.81 were obtained. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, multiple regression, and ANOVA at 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed a significant relationship between AI-driven counselling and prediction of xenophobic attacks (r = .62), and between AI-assisted counselling and reduction of xenophobic attitudes (r = .68). AI-based early detection systems significantly predicted prevention of xenophobic violence (R² = .50), while social cohesion differed significantly based on exposure levels (F = 14.36, p < .05). The study concludes that AI-driven counselling enhances prevention and social outcomes and recommends its ethical integration into counselling practice and youth development policies.
Examining the Challenges and Opportunities for Farmers in Accessing Farm Equipment Leases from Agricultural and Leasing Companies in Mumbwa District, Zambia
Agricultural mechanization plays a critical role in improving productivity, reducing labor burdens, and strengthening food security in sub-Saharan Africa. In Zambia, smallholder farmers dominate agricultural production but face limited access to farm equipment due to high costs and structural market barriers. This study investigated the challenges and opportunities associated with accessing farm equipment leases from agricultural and leasing companies in Mumbwa District. A mixed-methods approach was used, combining survey data from 100 farmers with key informant interviews and focus group discussions.Findings indicate that although 60% of farmers were aware of leasing as a financing option, only 29% had accessed a lease. Major barriers included high leasing costs (M = 4.20), collateral requirements (M = 3.95), and bureaucratic procedures (M = 3.60). Logistic regression results showed that awareness, education, income, and institutional support significantly increased the likelihood of lease access, while financial constraints reduced it. The interaction between income and institutional support revealed that higher-income farmers benefited more, raising concerns about equity. Qualitative findings further highlighted distrust in leasing systems, policy inconsistencies, and limited extension services.
Effect of Recruitment Strategies on Institutional Stability in Public and Private Universities in Southwest Nigeria
This study examines the effect of recruitment strategies and institutional stability within public and private universities in Southwest Nigeria, with a focus on recruitment strategies. A survey research design aligned with a quantitative, deductive approach. The study’s population comprised 8,550 academic staff members from selected federal, state, and private universities in the region. Using Taro Yamane’s sampling formula, 382 participants were selected, and data was collected via questionnaires. The analysis involved descriptive statistics to present respondent demographics and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to test the formulated hypotheses. Results indicated that recruitment strategies positively and significantly impact institutional stability, affirming that effective talent retention practices greatly contribute to institutional stability of these universities. The data generated were analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics of factor analysis and structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis. In the analysis carried out, the results show that advancement opportunities, training and development and succession planning have a positive significant on institutional stability with the coefficient values of (β = 0.194, p <0.05) for advancement opportunities, (β = 0.376, p <0.05) for training and development and (β = 0.588, p <0.05) for succession planning. The study concludes that robust retention strategies are essential for strengthening academic institutions in Southwest Nigeria, providing valuable insights for policy and administrative improvements. To enhance institutional stability further, it is recommended that universities a good recruitment strategy. Cultivating high levels of organizational commitment among faculty and staff can be achieved by aligning institutional goals with employee values and providing recognition and rewards.
Social Media and Consumer Buying Behaviour: Evidence from Southwest, Nigeria
The study assessed the impact of social media use on buying behaviour of youths in Southwest Nigeria. Particularly, it explored the impact of Facebook, Instagram, Twitter (X), and TikTok. A descriptive survey design was used and data were collected from 400 respondents through the Taro Yamane sampling method and proportionate stratified random sampling in the six states in the region. Descriptive statistics and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) were used to analyse the data. The findings showed that Facebook (β = 0.286, p = 0.016), Instagram (β = 0.324, p = 0.003), and TikTok (β = 0.351, p = 0.001) have significant positive effects on consumer buying behaviour, and while Twitter (β = 0.191, p = 0.067) has a positive effect, it is not statistically significant. The model showed acceptable predictive power, suggesting that the collective influence of social media plays a significant role in predicting consumer buying behaviour among the youth. The study also found that TikTok has the greatest impact, attributed to its short, attention-grabbing video formats and sharing potential. The study shows that social media has a substantial impact on consumer buying behaviour in Southwest Nigeria, but the impact differs among social media platforms. Businesses, especially SMEs, should focus on visual and interactive platforms like TikTok and Instagram to boost customer engagement and increase sales.
Investigating the Impact of Cost of Governance on Economic Development in Nigeria
This study examines the effect of governance costs on economic development in Nigeria using annual time series data spanning 1990 to 2023. Governance costs are disaggregated into federal, state, and local government expenditures, while economic development is proxied by components of the Human Development Index (HDI), namely gross national income per capita, expected years of schooling, and life expectancy. The study is anchored on the Endogenous Growth Theory, which emphasizes the role of efficient resource allocation in promoting long-run development. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was employed to estimate both the short-run and long-run relationships among the variables. The bounds cointegration test confirmed the existence of a long-run relationship among the variables. Empirical results reveal that federal government expenditure (β = -0.312, p < 0.01), state government expenditure (β = -0.218, p < 0.05), and local government expenditure (β = -0.145, p < 0.05) all have significant negative effects on economic development. In contrast, gross fixed capital formation (β = 0.275, p < 0.01) has a positive and significant effect. Inflation and exchange rate also negatively affect development outcomes, while the error correction term (-0.62) indicates a moderate speed of adjustment toward long-run equilibrium. The study concludes that governance costs in Nigeria are largely inefficient and consumption-driven, thereby constraining human development. It recommends the reallocation of public expenditure toward capital investment, improved fiscal discipline, and enhanced transparency in public financial management.
Effect of Artificial Intelligence Literacy and Information Literacy Training On Research Productivity of Academic Staff in Jigawa State College of Education, Gumel
The study examined the effect of Artificial Intelligence literacy and information literacy training on research productivity among academic staff in Jigawa State College of Education, Gumel. The study was guided by six research objectives, six corresponding research and two null hypotheses The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection from 150 academic staff selected through stratified and simple random sampling techniques. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data collected. Some of the findings of the study revealed that academic staff possess moderate AI literacy skills; information literacy training positively influences research productivity e.t.c. The study concluded that Artificial Intelligence literacy and information literacy training are significant determinants of research productivity among academic staff in Jigawa State College of Education, Gumel. Based on the findings of the study, some recommendations were given as thus; The management of Jigawa State College of Education, Gumel should organize regular workshops and seminars on Artificial Intelligence applications for academic research. Information literacy training programs should be strengthened to improve lecturers’ competencies in database searching, referencing, and information evaluation e.t.c
The Impact of Truancy on Academic Achievement Among Male NCE Students of Jigawa State College of Education, Gumel
This study examined the impact of truancy on academic achievement among male NCE students of Jigawa State College of Education, Gumel. The study was guided by four research objectives and four research questions. This study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population of the study comprised of all male NCE students of Jigawa State College of Education, Gumel. A sample of 100 male NCE students was selected using simple random sampling technique. The instrument used for data collection was a structured questionnaire titled “Truancy and Academic Achievement Questionnaire (TAAQ).” The data collected were analyzed using simple percentages and frequency tables. The study identified some causes of truancy as; peer influence, poor parental supervision, lack of interest in studies e.t.c. The findings further revealed that truancy negatively affects students’ academic achievement through poor examination performance, low participation in lectures e.t.c. The study concluded that truancy is a major factor affecting the academic achievement of male NCE students in Jigawa State College of Education, Gumel. Students who engage in truancy are more likely to perform poorly academically. Based on the findings of the study, some recommendations were given as follows: School authorities should enforce attendance policies strictly, Guidance counselors should organize orientation programs on the dangers of truancy e.t.c
Cooperative Platforms, A Path to Fairer Works, And the Future of Work; A Review of Literature
The internet is reshaping modern lives in communication by creating consistent communication patterns globally beating aspects of time and space; exploring the potential of platform ‘cooperativism’ would be paramount to its success in Kenya. Coops provide a platform for entrepreneurship, savings, among others. The objective of this research work is to explore the potential of platform cooperativism in Kenya.
Farm Management Strategies in Modern Agriculture: Challenges, Innovations, And Policy Implications
With the advent of rapid technological innovations and the challenges of environmental stress, farm management has emerged as a key factor influencing agricultural productivity, sustainability, and income stability. Climate variability, market uncertainty, and resource limitations have led to the growing complexity of modern agriculture, which requires effective and flexible management approaches. This article explores the major problems faced by the farm managers, reviews technological and institutional innovations and assesses the appropriateness of the innovations for different farming systems in developing countries like India. The study uses a mix of microeconomics theory and reality to illustrate the need for context-specific approaches. It calls for the technological innovations to have the possibility of changing everything, but it also needs to be accessible, supported by institutions and farmers' capabilities. The article then suggests some policy options to improve efficiency, inclusiveness, and sustainability within agricultural systems.
Optimization of A Plastic Waste Crushing Machine for Enhanced Crushing Efficiency, Throughput and Energy Economy
Plastic waste accumulation remains a major environmental challenge, particularly in developing countries with limited recycling infrastructure. This study developed and optimized a low-cost plastic waste crushing machine suitable for small-scale recycling applications. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on a Box–Behnken Design was used to investigate the effects of rotor speed, blade angle, and feed rate on crushing efficiency, energy consumption, and material throughput. Experimental data were fitted to quadratic models and evaluated using ANOVA. The models showed high predictive accuracy with an F-value of 26.45, p < 0.001, R² = 0.968, adjusted R² = 0.942, and a non-significant lack-of-fit (p = 0.75), confirming model adequacy. Rotor speed was identified as the most influential factor, followed by blade angle and feed rate. Crushing efficiency increased with rotor speed and moderate blade angles but declined at excessive feed rates due to chamber congestion. The optimum operating conditions for maximum crushing efficiency were a rotor speed of 1325 rpm, blade angle of 38°, and feed rate of 3.8 kg/h, producing a crushing efficiency of 86.9% and energy consumption of 0.56 kWh/kg. The optimum material throughput of 4.67 kg/h was achieved at a rotor speed of 1312.5 rpm and feed rate of 4.0 kg/h with a blade angle of 38°. The mean prediction error of approximately 0.76% demonstrated excellent agreement between experimental and predicted results. The optimized machine exhibited high efficiency, low energy consumption, and satisfactory throughput, making it a technically viable and economically sustainable solution for decentralized plastic waste recycling and circular economy initiatives.
All That Is Gone Is Gone: A Literary Analysis of Impermanence and Renewal
This paper offers a literary analysis of the author’s original poem: all that is gone is gone, a reflective meditation on the irreversibility of the past and the necessity of living meaningfully in the present. the poem foregrounds the fleeting nature of time, the futility of clinging to lost moments, and the wisdom embedded in acceptance and renewal. through close reading, the study unpacks the poem’s thematic preoccupations—impermanence, acceptance, human limitation, and divine order—and situate them within broader philosophical and theological reflections on time and human existence. attention is given to the poet’s use of diction, imagery, repetition, and metaphor, all of which reinforce the central theme of impermanence. the analysis is framed within reader-response and existentialist literary theories, highlighting how the poem provokes both intellectual and emotional engagement with the human condition. the study is significant because it demonstrates how even short; reflective poetry can serve as a fertile ground for deep philosophical discourse. ultimately, the paper argues that all that is gone is gone resonates with universal human concerns, offering readers a poetic framework for embracing transience and cultivating a forward-looking orientation to life.
The employer takes loan from the financial institution. He has to deposit Equal Monthly Installment (EMI) to the lender timely failing which his mortgage property is croaked as per law. Both EMI and profit are very crucial in business. Between these two EMI is more crucial since it endangers life timely. In case of monetary transaction there is no room for sincere defaulter. A good businessman knows it but may not pay it always. A great businessman both obeys it and pays it not in time rather sometimes before stipulated period of time. His tendency is to pay always. He minds to repay the loan as his duty. He considers it as a gentleman’s contract. That’s why he is great. Here lies his greatness. They say where goodness ends greatness begins.
Designing and Implementing Customer Loyalty Programs in Omnichannel Retail Businesses: Brick & Click Businesses
A customer loyalty program refers to a structured marketing strategy designed to encourage repeat purchases, reward consistent customers, and strengthen emotional connections between the customer and the brand. Omnichannel retailing—where customers engage across physical stores, online websites, mobile apps and other channels—poses both opportunities and challenges for loyalty program design. With the rise of omnichannel businesses—where firms operate both online and offline—loyalty programs have become even more critical in ensuring a seamless and consistent customer experience across all channels. The population of the study consists of customers and business managers within the study area. A sample of 300 respondents was purposively obtained for the study. This study synthesizes recent literature on how customer loyalty is built and sustained in omnichannel contexts, proposes key success factors for loyalty programmes in omnichannel retail businesses, and offers a structured framework for development and implementation. The framework emphasizes channel integration, technology and personalization, data architecture, reward system design, customer‐engagement mechanisms and metrics. The findings of the study revealed that customer loyalty programs, personalized loyalty rewards, technology integration and omnichannel integration have significant positive effects on customer retention, loyalty programs effectiveness and customer participation in loyalty program. Managerial implications are discussed, particularly for retailers operating both online and offline and seeking competitive differentiation via loyalty programs.