British Journal of Multidisciplinary and Advanced Studies

Principal’s Involvement of Parents in Student’s Discipline; Assessing its Relationship with Teenage Pregnancy in Public Secondary Schools in Kenya

2024-05-09T11:54:08+00:00

Teenage pregnancy remains a persistent global crisis that profoundly affects the socio-economic wellbeing of nations, citizens and families. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between principals’ involvement of parents in students discipline and teenage pregnancy in public secondary schools in Kenya. The article is an extract of a study done in public secondary schools in Machakos County, Kenya. The study was guided by the social learning theory postulated by Albert Bandura. The research utilized a descriptive research design. The research target population comprised of 360 principals, 360 Heads of Department (HoDs) Guidance and Counseling (G&C), 360 Parent Association (PA) chairpersons and, 103,517 students. The study sample size was 450 comprising of 189 principals, 189 HoDs G&C, 36 PA chairpersons and 36 FGD. Questionnaires were used to collect data from the principal’s and HoDs G&C. Interview schedules collected data from the PA chairperson while Focused Group Discussions (FGD) collected data from form three students. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 25.The correlational analysis findings from the principal and HoDs G&C responses showed a positive and significant relationship between principal’s engagement of parents in student’s discipline and teenage pregnancy (r_p =.379 & r_h = 0.564; p≤ .01). The study concludes that involving parents enhances learner discipline and can help curb cases of teenage pregnancies. The study recommended that PAs should work collaboratively with principals to make sure that parents are engaged in all matters affecting their children.

Effects of Test Anxiety On Students’ Performance in Mathematics in Senior Secondary Schools in Ekiti State

2024-05-15T11:25:39+00:00

The study examines the effect of test anxiety on students’ performance in Mathematics. Four Hundred (400) students’ were randomly selected and Forty (40) students’ were purposively selected from Ten (10) schools which comprised of five (5) schools each from private and public school. Three (3) general questions were formulated and answered descriptively while three hypotheses in the study were t-test statistics. The result showed there was no significant difference in the mean of observable test and anxiety behavior between JSS II and SS II students. Also, students’ gender and class did not have any significant influence on their test anxiety level while school type significant influenced anxiety level and thus academic performance in Mathematics among the sampled secondary schools in Ikere Local Government Area in Ekiti State. The study recommended that students’ perception of Mathematics should be enhanced through teachers genuine interest in developing their students’ Mathematical competencies. Mathematics teachers should alleviate the fear of their students by emphasizing that mathematics is not a difficult subject. Also, teachers and students’ perception of mathematics should be changed through the creation of an enabling environment in term of infrastructural and other materials that can enhance the teaching and learning of Mathematics.

Nurturing Brilliance from the Rural Heartland of China to Harvard: A Journey of Diligence and Resilience

2024-05-15T12:59:15+00:00

This paper chronicles the inspiring journey of a young scholar from a rural area of China who defied the odds to pursue academic excellence at Harvard as a Postdoc. The paper highlights the crucial role of hard work, dedication, and parental guidance in shaping the success of the protagonist. It delves into the teaching methods employed during his high school years and their impact on his trajectory. The study emphasizes the importance of personalized learning approaches and the role of supportive environments in fostering exceptional talent. Through this case study, we aim to shed light on the potential of rural education systems and inspire a reevaluation of educational practices worldwide.

Towards Agricultural Development: A Study of the Americas Public School System in Bukidnon 1901-1940

2024-06-11T15:40:44+00:00

The resettlement of Bukidnon following its separation from the Misamis province in 1907 was formalized under the Special Provincial Governmental Act, also known as Act 1693. This transition sparked various resistance movements within the province, including the Tauidis outlaws and the Tungud movement, both formed to oppose America's resettlement campaign in Bukidnon. After its suppression by the constabulary the American administration introduced an education system aimed at pacifying the Bukidnon population while fostering economic self-sufficiency in the province. This paper aims to analyze and evaluate the role of the education system in Bukidnon as a crucial component of America's pacification and integration campaign in the province. It addresses key questions such as: How did the America introduce education in Bukidnon? What were the education policies implemented by America in the region? And what impact did education have on the economic and political integration of Bukidnon? The study uses an archival approach, relying on primary sources including the Reports of the Director of Education from 1906 to 1938, as well as the Annual Reports of the Philippine Commission, the Report of the Auditor of the Philippines, and the Annual Report of the Governor General of the Philippine Islands. These sources offer a descriptive and narrative account of education in Bukidnon within the broader context of America's campaign of pacification and integration. This research is significant as it rationalizes the impact of America's education on the agricultural systems and food production in the province. By examining the development of the education system, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamics of colonial governance and its impact on local communities.

Teachers’ self-efficacy in using ICT towards teaching and learning in mitigating Covid 19 Post pandemic era in Turkana central sub-county secondary schools

2024-06-28T09:15:46+00:00

ICT play roles towards achieving Kenyan educational goals through supporting teaching and learning. There was closure of schools following a directive from ministry of education. The pandemic affected teaching and learning in all schools paralyzing education sector. There was need carrying out a study investigating ICT implementation determinants in public schools in Turkana County in mitigating Covid 19. The purpose of the study was to investigate Teachers’ self-efficacy in using ICT towards teaching and learning in mitigating Covid 19 Post pandemic era in Turkana central sub-county secondary schools. Study objective was to investigate the Teachers’ self-efficacy in using ICT towards academic achievement. The study utilizes a conception framework showing relationships between variables. The study adopted Descriptive survey research design. The target were Secondary school teachers and learners from 20 schools. Saturated sampling was used to sample 20 head teachers and 20 teachers in public schools in Turkana County. Krejcie and Morgan (1970) sample table was used to select learners in checking their progress during the period of Covid 19 through simple random sampling. Data collection was done through questionnaires and interviews schedules. The experts from pedagogy area ascertained validity of the instruments. A pilot study comprising of 10 percent of schools to ascertain the instruments reliability. Data was analyzed through descriptive statistics that include tables, percentages. Findings revealed that the teachers agreed more, that portable ICT forms like iPad, tablets and phone helps their class stay organized and behaved in teaching and learning about COVID-19. ICT has not helped teachers and learners to attain attitude of self-confidence towards teaching and learning during post Covid -19. Furthermore, it has not helped manage situations confidently and effectively about teacher’s efficacy in classroom dynamics. The findings conclude that ICT affect the classroom dynamic in teaching and learning about COVID-19, Some do not use them appropriately for learning purpose, It lowers the class dynamics and participation, draws learners attention and Interference with other lessons. The study recommend that Teachers have to undergo extensive ICT training to ensure effective use of the technology in class. The findings will help the ministry of education to improve on the appropriate use of ICT during any pandemic outbreak.

The Roles of the State Educational Inspectorate and Monitoring Unit in The Development of Secondary Education in Jigawa State, Nigeria

2024-06-28T09:40:38+00:00

This study examines the pivotal roles played by the State Educational Inspectorate and Monitoring Unit in the development of secondary education in Jigawa State, Nigeria. Through a comprehensive analysis, the research highlights how these bodies contribute to the enhancement of educational standards, the implementation of policies, and the overall improvement of school management and student performance. Data were collected through surveys and interviews with key stakeholders, including educational inspectors, school administrators, and teachers. The findings reveal significant contributions of the Inspectorate and Monitoring Unit in areas such as curriculum development, teacher training, and the evaluation of teaching methodologies. Additionally, the study identifies challenges faced by these units, including inadequate funding and logistical constraints, and proposes recommendations for strengthening their impact on secondary education. This research underscores the importance of robust educational oversight and monitoring mechanisms in fostering academic excellence and sustainable educational development in Jigawa State.

Parents’ Mental Illness and Its Impacts On Children: A Descriptive Study of the Perspectives of Youths (Case Study: Serekunda West, The Gambia)

2024-05-30T17:10:03+00:00

Mental impairment is not only on the increase but it is a global problem. Although the precise number of the mentally impaired persons is not well documented more especially in developing countries, what is indisputable is they are in millions and is negatively impacting societies.The fundamental rationale for this study is to investigate into parents’ mental illness in the community and youths’ comprehension of its causes, negative impacts, support services needed by victims and their children; and its preventive methods with the ultimate objectives of sharing knowledge to spark and inspire processes that will usher rapid growth from all directions in the reduction of the phenomenon and its associated negative impacts. Because the study was a descriptive survey meant to capture the youths’ perspectives on parents’ mental illness and its associated impacts, questionnaires were administered to gauge the perspectives of hundred and twenty youths.The negative impacts of parents’ mental illness on children are numerous and in addition to the general ones they include specific ones: social impacts, health impacts, psychological impacts, economic impacts; and educational impacts. To alleviate the impacts, access to medical treatment, basic needs, continuous prayers, counseling, financial assistance, regular visits from the helping profession, scholarships for children among other services are critical. To prevent the menace, general sensitization about mental impairment, sensitization on the use of illegal substance, counseling, helping single parents financially and morally; and the incorporation of mental health in the curriculum of secondary schools are some of the fundamental approaches. In conclusion, the negative impacts of parents’ mental illness on children can be simply pooled and catalogued into medical, social, psychological, educational; and economical.

Primary Healthcare Under One Roof: Way Out of Primary Healthcare Dilemma

2024-06-11T17:30:08+00:00

The adoption of the Primary Health Care Under One Roof (PHCUOR) initiative serves as a crucial approach to tackle the complex challenges encountered by primary healthcare systems worldwide. This paper explores the historical background, present difficulties, and possible remedies related to primary healthcare in Nigeria, with a particular emphasis on the PHCUOR model. By referencing important papers like the Alma Ata Declaration and current research, we highlight the importance of Primary Health Care (PHC) in public health systems. This emphasis how PHC helps to promote health equity and achieve universal health coverage. The PHCUOR model is a progressive approach to healthcare delivery that promotes the consolidation of different services under a single administrative entity in order to enhance the coordination and comprehensiveness of care. The effectiveness of the strategy in improving access, boosting coordination, and delivering cost-effective treatment is demonstrated by several case studies from Anambra and Lagos States. In order to fully harness the potential of PHCUOR (Primary Health Care Under One Roof) in Nigeria, it is crucial for policymakers, healthcare providers, and stakeholders to give utmost importance to the establishment of policy frameworks that are supportive, the development of infrastructure, the enhancement of capacity, and the implementation of sustainable finance mechanisms. Nigeria may enhance its primary healthcare system, enhance health outcomes, and promote health equity for all its residents by adopting these initiatives and proposals.

Perception and Acceptance of Male Midwives Among Pregnant Women in Selected General Hospitals in Lagos State

2024-06-11T17:53:08+00:00

This research was carried out to assess the perception and acceptance of male midwives among pregnant women in selected general hospitals in Lagos State. The objectives of this study were to assess their perception and acceptance; and identify the factors influencing their acceptance of male midwives. A systematic sampling technique was used in selecting three hundred and twenty-seven (327) pregnant women, but only three hundred and twelve (312) of them were validated for the study. A self-developed questionnaire served as the primary instrument of data collection for the study, and the data collected were analyzed and presented on frequency/percentage tables and bar chart(s) using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 and Microsoft Excel version 2010. The findings revealed an overall positive perception and good level of acceptance of male midwives among them. The factors influencing their acceptance of male midwives were availability and accessibility of male midwives (67.6%); communication and trust (64.4%); trust in the competence of male midwives (64.1%); peer and family influence (63.5%); personal comfort level with opposite gender healthcare providers (62.8%); personal beliefs and preferences (62.8%); emotional support (60.9%); availability of information and education about male midwives (60.3%); cultural beliefs and norms (59.9%); religious beliefs and practices (58.7%); and previous experiences (52.6%). The study found a significant relationship between their perception and acceptance of male midwives (p < .05); between their age and factors influencing acceptance of male midwives (p < .05). Based on these findings, the study concluded that there is a need to ensure consistency and improvement in their knowledge and perception through proper evaluation and amelioration of the factors influencing their acceptance of male midwives.

Cooperative Efficiency and Its Effect On Livelihood Diversification Among Poultry Farm Holders: Empirical Study from South West Nigeria

2024-05-30T15:00:38+00:00

Cooperative membership and livelihood diversification has been observed to enhance improved households’ economic situations, while littl is known about their interplay when they both occurs. This study was hence conducted to investigate the incidence of cooperative efficiency, and how it influences livelihood diversification alongside some other crucial/imperative hypothesized determinant factors, using data collected from 210 poultry farm holders via multistage sampling procedure and analysed using econometric, parametric, and non-parametric analytical tools at 95% confidence interval. Result showed that; majorities of the cooperator respondents are satisfied with; Access to loan (72.38%), Loan repayment (67.62%), Transportation (68.10%), Marketing (67.14%), Training (69.5%), patronage (70%), and Political interference (69.05%) while a relatively large proportion of the respondents (59.04%) are diversified, while a majority (89.52%) of this diversified category secondarily diversifies into non farming activities. Also, the proportion of the cooperator diversified poultry farming household (59.41) narrowly exceeds the noncooperator category (58.72) hence, further econometric analysis conducted showed that; gender of household head, level of formal education, primary source of labour, farming as primary occupation, and Cooperative membership negatively influenced livelihood diversification, but otherwise for multidimensional poverty, all significant at 10%, 5%, 1%, 1%, 10%, and 1% probabilistic levels respectively. Finding based recommendations were further proffered.

Effect of Moringa Oleifera Leaves Meal (MOLM) Supplement in Combating Heat Stress in Broiler Chickens Fed Maize Soya Bean Diet

2024-05-31T15:45:34+00:00

A growth experiment was conducted for 56 days to study productive performance, carcass characteristics and some blood parameters of broiler chicks fed corn-soybean meal diets supplemented with Moringa Oleifera leaves meals (MOLM) under heat stress condition. Three hundred a day old chicks were randomly assigned to five treatments designated as T₁, T₂, T₃, T₄ and T₅ supplemented with MOLM (0, 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5%) respectively. The results did not show body weight gain, feed intake and final weight increased with increased inclusion levels of MOLM, so also was the feed conversion ratio. The cumulative feed conversion ratio was better in T2. The levels of MOLM had no significant effect on carcass relative weight, Haemoglobin (HB), white blood cells (WBC), albumin and total plasma protein increased with increasing levels of MOLM. Mortality rates decreased with increasing levels of MOLM. The best result however, was obtained in T2 (5%) inclusion level. It could be concluded that addition of Moringa Oleifera leaves improved broiler performance, physiological parameters and enhanced the ability to resist heat stress conditions of broilers fed corn-soybean meal diet

Seed Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Pterocarpus Osun (Craib) on Different Sowing Media and Soil Amended With Different Organic Manure

2024-05-31T16:08:32+00:00

This study investigates the effect of different sowing media and soil amendments on seed germination and early seedling growth of Pterocarpus osun. The study was carried out at the nursery site of the Department of Forest Resources and Wildlife Management, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti. Sixty seeds were sown in plastic bowls filled with the different sowing media (sawdust, river sand, and topsoil). Watering was done twice daily, while seed germination was monitored for four weeks. The number of seeds germinated per day was recorded for each treatment till no further germination was observed. For the growth experiment, seedlings with relatively uniform height were selected and transplanted into polythene pots filled with topsoil amended with different organic manure (poultry dropping, cow dung, poultry dropping + cow dung). The treatments were replicated ten (10) times. Growth parameters viz; (heights, stem diameter, and number of leaves) were measured over 12 weeks. The study revealed that seeds sown in sawdust had the lowest mean germination time (MGT) of 19.93 days. Time spread of germination (TSG) shows that seeds sown in river sand had the longest germination circle of 12 days. While seeds sown in sawdust had the highest germination percentage (GP) of 96.65 %. The result revealed that seedlings grown on soil amended with cow dung performed best for all the parameters measured throughout the growth period. It is recommended that sawdust should be adopted for germination of Pterocarpus osun and cow dung should be used as organic manure for raising the seedlings in the nursery.

Safety Literacy and Societal Well-Being: A Case Study of Ibadan North Local Government Area, Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria

2024-05-09T12:40:15+00:00

This research examines safety literacy in the particular setting of the Ibadan North Local Government Area in Nigeria. It does so by providing a thorough analysis of current levels, contextual and cultural influences, the relationship to societal well-being, and the identification of obstacles to improvement. Utilizing a descriptive survey design approach and a stratified random sampling, the study measures safety literacy by means of quantitative evaluations of understanding and awareness. It examines how context and culture affect people's understanding of safety, highlighting the importance of culturally appropriate safety instruction. The study reveals a high level of safety literacy, cultural and contextual factors emerge as crucial determinants, shaping safety practices based on local beliefs, practices, and norms. The observed correlation between safety literacy and societal well-being underscores the profound influence of informed safety practices on community health, economic stability, social cohesion, and collective responsibility. Nonetheless, the study points out several obstacles that stand in the way of enhancing safety literacy, such as restricted information availability, difficulties with language, and cultural resistance. These obstacles highlight the need for focused interventions to address particular issues impeding the community's efforts to improve safety literacy.

Marketing Plan for a Footwear Company – Part 2

2024-05-30T13:58:23+00:00

The purpose of this paper was to conduct a marketing plan of a Footwear Company in Durban, South Africa. The marketing plan strategies for growth was determined using the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) matrix. The marketing mix was discussed using the 4Ps. Communications and marketing tactics was described using the integrated marketing communications process and promotional tools. The implementation and evaluation were set out against the objectives, timescales, key performance indicators and budget. Successful implementation and evaluation of the plan will ensure the Footwear Company sustains and improves its success and meets the expectations of its stakeholders.

Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility on Capital Market and Firm Performance

2024-05-30T15:56:22+00:00

This study examines the relationship between corporate social responsibility in the Capital market and the firm performance of quoted companies in Nigeria with Seplat Energy Plc as a case study. The study made use of an ex-post facto research design. This research adopted the annual reports of Seplat Energy Plc covering the period of 2014-2020. CSR was measured using the donations made by the company, while financial performance was measured using net profit margin, return on equity, and return on assets. Data were analysed using simple linear regression analysis with the aid of SPSS version 25. It was discovered that CSR has a negative and insignificant effect on NPM, positive but insignificant effect on ROE, positive but insignificant effect on ROA, positive but insignificant effect on SP. It was recommended that Nigerian corporate organisations establish a social responsibility unit to ensure that organisation responsive to social responsibility aligns with international best practice. Also, the government must establish an agency to monitor corporate organisations' social responsibility to oversee CSR policy compliance and prosecute socially irresponsible organisations.

Board Structure and Financial Performance of Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria

2024-06-11T14:54:56+00:00

This study examines the impact of board structure on corporate financial performance in Nigeria. It investigates the Diversity of boards of directors in Nigerian firms and analyses whether board structure has an impact on financial performance, as measured by return on equity (ROE) and return on capital employed (ROCE). Based on the extensive literature, four board characteristics (board Diversity, board size, board ownership and CEO duality) have been identified as possibly having an impact on corporate financial performance and these characteristics are set as the independent variables. The Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression was used to estimate the relationship between corporate performance measures and the independent variables. Findings from the study show that there is strong positive association between board size and corporate financial performance. Evidence also exists that there is a positive association between outside directors sitting on the board and corporate financial performance. However, a negative association was observed between directors’ stockholding and firm financial performance measures. In addition, the study reveals a negative association between ROE and CEO duality, while a strong positive association was observed between ROCE and CEO duality. The study suggests that large board size should be encouraged and the Diversity of outside directors as members of the board should be sustained and improved upon to enhance corporate financial performance.

Literature Review on Multi-Regional Input-Output Matrices (EE-MRIO)

2024-06-11T15:22:07+00:00

The aim of this paper is to review the development of environmentally extended multi-regional input-output matrices (EE-MRIO) through a literature review. The EE-MRIO, developed by Wassily Leontief, reveals the interdependence of industries in an economy, using general-equilibrium models to express relationships between sectors. This article enhances the current knowledge on the subject, providing valuable insights for scholars, decision-makers, and practitioners, and offers a comprehensive overview of the models' evolution.

Perceived Effectiveness of Alternative Strategies to Corporal Punishment in Ghanaian Basic Schools

2024-06-28T08:58:30+00:00

This study was a qualitative research study utilizing the phenomenological research design, which was carried out to ascertain the lived experiences of teachers on the effectiveness of alternative strategies to corporal punishment in Ghanaian Basic schools. With the in-depth interview of fifteen teachers and focus group discussion with fifteen headteachers in Mampong Municipality, three main benefits were identified from the use of these strategies namely: improved pupil-teacher relationships, improved behavior, and improved school climate. This implies that the teachers perceive the alternative strategies as effective to some extent. It was recommended that to encourage the use of these strategies in Ghanaian basic schools, there should be continuous education of stakeholders on the use and the benefits of the use of these alternative strategies.

Effect of Customer Relationship Management Strategy on Customer Loyalty in The Insurance Sector in Kenya

2024-06-28T10:17:03+00:00

It remains a challenge to understand the effect of target marketing and customer service delivery on customer loyalty given limited empirical evidence on the effect of customer relationship management strategy on customer loyalty within the Kenyan insurance industry is limited. The study aimed at determining the effect of customer relationship management strategy on customer loyalty in the insurance sector in Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to find out the effect of customer interaction, target marketing, customer service delivery and loyalty programs on customer loyalty in the insurance industry in Kenya. A descriptive research design was adopted with quantitative approaches. The study targeted 204 insurance brokers from which 135 firms were sampled using a simple random sampling method. Data was collected from 84 marketing managers representing the brokerage firms using a semi-structured questionnaire. Both descriptive (mean, standard deviation, percentages) and inferential (correlation and regression) data analysis were adopted to estimate results with the aid of SPSS. Findings indicate that customer loyalty programs, target marketing and customer interactions positively influences customer loyalty in the insurance industry. Nevertheless, customer service delivery has a negative influence on customer loyalty in the Kenya’s insurance industry. The study’s conclusion was that target marketing and customer loyalty programs have a positive effect on customer loyalty within the Kenya’s insurance industry. This study recommends that insurance companies should adopt customer relationship management as this has a positive effect on customer loyalty.

Packaged Water Regulation and Consumption in Ekiti and Ondo States: Impact of National Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) and Consumer Protection Council (CPC)

2024-06-11T16:31:04+00:00

The inability of governments at various levels to consistently provide adequate water contributed to the proliferation of the water manufacture in Nigeria. The study will examine the rationale for and framework of NAFDAC and CPC, determine the effect of the two agencies on the supplies and consumption of sachet water in the states, and examine the challenges confronting NAFDAC and CPC in regulating the supplies and consumption of sachet water in Ekiti and Ondo States. The study will employ primary and secondary sources of data. The primary data will be sourced through questionnaire administer on sampled general public, In-Depth Interview (IDI) with principal officers of NAFDAC and CPC, sachet water manufacturers and civil society groups, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) will be conducted among vulnerable rural dwellers. Secondary data are sourced from relevant text, internet sources, and official publications on NAFDAC and CPC. Tables, graphs, chi-square and content analytical methods will employed for data analysis.

Socio-Economic Policy and Youth Unemployment in Nigeria: An Assessment of Ekiti State Youths for Commercial Agriculture Development Programme (YCAD)

2024-06-21T12:54:26+00:00

The place and the important of youth in the development of any country cannot be over emphasized.This study seeks to examine the impact of Ekiti State policy on Youths for Commercial Agriculture Development Programme (YCAD) on job creation and youth empowerment in the state. Survey research design was adopted in this study. Data for this study were generated through both primary and secondary sources. The primary source of data includes questionnaire and interview conducted among unemployed beneficiaries of YCAD. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive methods involving tables and percentages. The findings of the study reveals that YCAD programmes, like any other government policy surfer implementation gap and as a result, have not impacted significantly on the well-being of Ekiti youths. The paper therefore, recommended amongst others that government should improve access to social amenities such as feeder roads, electricity and regular water supply to enhance their well-being. Also the government should ensure prompt release of fund and other equipment directly to the beneficiary of the programme, this would enhance youths’ participation in agricultural development programme.

Effect of Benzene Exposure on Ferritin and Complete Blood Count in OiLibya420 Gas Station Workers

2024-05-15T12:32:46+00:00

Benzene is a colorless liquid that easily evaporates in the air and can lead to negative impacts on the workers’ health. Also, it can cause cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of benzene on the ferritin level and blood of workers in petrol station.

This study has a cross sectional design. It includes 32 participants out of which 16 are exposed workers and 16 non exposed ones. The data was collected by using a questionnaire about socio-demographic characteristics and symptoms of benzene exposure. Also, Blood samples were taken to test ferritin and complete blood counts and analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The results of the study revealed that exposure to benzene in some workers leads to decreasing serum ferritin, MCV, MXD and MCH, and increased WBC, RBC, and HCT. There was a statistical difference in the WBC, RBC, MCV, MCH, LYM, and MXD between the exposed and non-exposed groups. There was a positive relationship between years of experience and effects of benzene on WBC, and a clear correlation between the exposed workers’ age, HGB and ferritin levels. Benzene has negative impacts on the health of workers, which dictates the necessity of worker wearing personal protective equipment in the workplace.

Citizens’ Perception on Effects of Kidnapping on Security in Edo South Senatorial District

2024-05-09T11:32:11+00:00

The cases of kidnapping in Nigeria and in Edo State in particular are rising, and taking dangerous dimensions. What exists in the literature is an ample of research reports on the causes and socioeconomic implications of kidnapping. The general objective of this study is to explore citizens’ perception of the effects of the rising incidence of kidnapping on the security situations in Edo South Senatorial District of Edo State. The exploratory research design operated with the cross sectional research design was adopted for this study. The calculated sample size for this study was placed at approximately 816. For the collection of qualitative data, the purposive sampling techniques were used to select two interviewees from each of the local government areas. Hence, there were 14 interviewees for the collection of qualitative data that complemented the quantitative data. The majority of respondents (54.7%) believe that the death of victims during kidnappings is avoidable or preventable. There was statistically significant difference in the perception of the level of panic due to kidnapping in Edo South according to the age groups. There is statistically significant association between educational qualification and the tendency to get the Police involved in cases of kidnapping. There was statistically significant difference in perceived police effectiveness in the fight against kidnapping in Edo South according the respondents’ nature of employment. In conclusion, there is a significant number of people who are concerned about kidnapping in their area, with most of affirming a high level of panic due to kidnapping. Kidnapping has a negative impact on society and is a source of fear and concern for many people. The lack of proper security measures adds to the problem, and people are left to take precautions to avoid being kidnapped. The citizens are adjusting to the panic caused by kidnapping by taking practical measures to ensure their safety and seeking solace through spiritual practices. It is recommended that the police should take proactive measures to prevent kidnappings, have the necessary resources and training to handle kidnapping cases, and work with other security agencies and organizations to provide support and services to victims after their release.

Transforming Escalation to Negotiation: Rethinking Confidence-Building Measures (CBMs) in the Ongoing Russia-Ukraine War

2024-05-09T12:16:05+00:00

There have been several pieces of literature on the current war between Russia and Ukraine but little emphasis has been placed on transforming the growing escalation into negotiation. In this study, I discuss the causalities that surround the current war between the Russian Federation and Ukraine from different prisms. Various justifications and other indices which provide the likelihood of escalation to a nuclear conflict were touched. Also, I assessed, if at all, there was politics behind the supplies of ‘defensive weapons’ and other military aid to the warring parties. I propose an urgent arms control treaty not only between the United States and Russia but should also include China as the emerged third force, and other minor nuclear powers. Although, the Confidence Building Measures (CBMs) are mostly prominent before a complex conflict is transformed into conventional war, thus, this study suggests the roles the CBMs can still play in the current war. As such, the study relies on relevant written sources which make the study qualitative in nature.

Diving Beyond Dollars – Unravelling The Dynamics of De Dollarization

2024-05-09T12:26:10+00:00

In an intricate dance of global finance, the concept of de-dollarization emerges as a pivotal narrative, underscored by both promise and complexity. While efforts to lessen reliance on the US Dollar intensify, its hegemonic grip remains formidable, fortified by its stable financial markets. The unfolding discourse spotlights the imperative of diversification, navigating trade disparities, geopolitical influences, and the quest for fiscal sovereignty. Amidst this backdrop, India, a burgeoning economic force, contemplates its role in this paradigm shift. However, the trajectory of de-dollarization is no swift panacea, but a nuanced recalibration. It hinges on a multipolar vision yet grapples with challenges of identifying alternative currencies, managing high debt, and steering through periods of potential volatility. As the global community collectively seeks equilibrium, the pursuit of de-dollarization signals a shared aspiration toward a more balanced and inclusive global economic realm.

Navigating the Coming Out Journey: A Roadmap for Gay Men

2024-05-30T14:13:16+00:00

The coming out process is a pivotal journey for gay men, marked by self-discovery, internal struggles, and the pursuit of authenticity. This article explores the nuanced experiences of gay men as they navigate their sexuality, from the acknowledgment of their identity to the challenges of acceptance and self-acceptance. Drawing on personal narratives and insights, it offers a roadmap for navigating the coming out journey, emphasizing the importance of support, self-love, and embracing authenticity. By understanding the complexities of this process, we can foster a more inclusive and compassionate world where every individual is empowered to live openly and authentically.

Gender Inequality in Youth Employment in Urban Ethiopia: Trends and Policy Implications

2024-05-30T15:31:44+00:00

The issue of employment for youth and women is a matter of concern as these groups tend to be disadvantaged in the labour market. This paper attempts to investigate the changes in distribution of youth labour participation and wage gaps in urban market based on gender. The study employed a mixed quantitative and qualitative research approach. Gender wage gap and Employment Outcome Estimation models applied. The Urban Employment Unemployment Survey (UEUS) cross-sectional data collected annually, over the 2003 to 2018 period, is used as the main source to provide new evidence on the distribution of gender inequality in youth employment in urban Ethiopia. Further, qualitative data is collected from 10 key informants from government institutions. The findings indicate that wage employment is dominated by male workers over the last two decades while vulnerable employments and unpaid family works are dominating by the young female. The gender wage gap has been widening over the last two decades suggesting the young female workers have benefit little from the labor market opportunities. The wage gap was more due to unexplained factors than the explained ones (differences related with choice of industry and occupation, education and potential experiences). Based on the findings the following recommendations are forwarded: Information dissemination system for young women regarding the labor market should be improved, work on societal norms and values that encourage gender discrimination, government should apply its coercive power to enforce policies to minimize employment gender discrimination, the education system should be skilled-based with provision of entrepreneurial skills trainings to student.

Effectiveness of Squat and Countermovement Jumps in Improving Vertical Jump Performance

2024-05-31T16:28:25+00:00

Vertical jump is an essential component for success in sports and athletic performance. This study determined the effectiveness of squat and countermovement jumps in improving vertical jump performance of Tertiary Athletes in one of the Universities in Cagayan de Oro City for School Year 2018-2019. This study utilized quasi-experimental design (pretest and posttest) where two treatment groups were involved. There were seventy-four (74) athletes who participated and they were distributed into two groups with specific exercise routines such as squat jump and countermovement jump. Findings reveal that there was a significant increase in the vertical jump performance of the athletes after exposure to the two exercise routines. This study concluded that both half squat jump and countermovement jump enhanced the vertical jump performance of the tertiary athletes. The study further established that both squat jump and countermovement jump was comparably effective in improving the vertical jump performance of the participants. It is recommended that the two exercise routines will be integrated in the varsity training program as well as in the physical education classes to improve the vertical jump performance of both athletes and the students.

Public Spending and Economic Growth in Nigeria: Assessing Recurrent Expenditure’s Neutrality and Monetary Policy Interaction

2024-06-11T11:45:24+00:00

In this study, we explored the influence of public spending on economic growth in Nigeria by testing the neutrality/non-neutrality of recurrent expenditure, as well as checking for the effect of interaction of the two expenditure components with monetary policy (interest rate) to see how they would influence economic growth. Data which covers the period 1981 to 2021 were analyzed using the technique of Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model which was selected based on the fact that our variables were stationary at mixed order of levels and first difference. From the ARDL bounds test, the study revealed that there is a long-run relationship among the variables in the model which prompts the estimation of the error correction model. From the result, the findings suggest that recurrent expenditure exerts a positive and significant effect on economic growth, thereby signifying the non-neutrality of the recurrent expenditure component on economic growth. Further, the interactive terms indicates that an interaction of recurrent expenditure and interest rate on economic growth generated a negative effect though its one-period lag yields a positive and significant effect. Also, the long-run result indicates that recurrent expenditure yielded a positive but insignificant effect, thereby indicating the validity of the recurrent expenditure in the long-run. This is further confirmed as it exerted a negative but insignificant effect on economic growth when interacted with monetary policy. The policy implication of the findings centres on the fact that recurrent expenditure can only be non-neutral in influencing the macroeconomy just in the short-run.

Guru Nanak and The Jogis Tradition: A Historical Context

2024-06-11T14:25:37+00:00

Guru Nanak’s attitude to contemporary religion is informed by ideas and values which induce him not to identify himself with any of the existing forms of established religion. Infact, he applies those ideas consistently to evaluate all contemporary belief and practice. The closest he comes to an explicit appreciation for any kind of individuals, it is for the sadhs and sants.[i] Guru Nanak came in the line of the great saints, who emphasized only personal experience of the Divine is what the philosopher calls “mystic experience” as the core of true religion. [ii] There are many references to siddhas, yogins (jogis), nathas and avadhutas, not only in the Japu and the Sidh-gosthi but also in many other hymns and devotional songs by Guru Nanak and preserved in Guru Granth Sahib, said to have been complied in 1604A.D.[iii] Guru Nanak’s encounters with jogis have remained a favourite theme of Sikh literature for nearly four centuries. This tradition was well established in the time of Bhai Gurdas in whose Vars we have one of the earliest interpretations of Guru Nanak’s attitude towards the jogis.[iv] The present paper seeks to highlights the Guru Nanak ideas associated with the siddhas, yogi and nathas of medieval India.

Examination of the Activities of Ringim Skills Acquisition Center in Reducing Youth Unemployment in Ringim Local Government Area, Jigawa State, Nigeria

2024-06-21T09:20:51+00:00

Youth unemployment is a pressing issue in many regions, including Jigawa State, Nigeria. This study examines the activities of the Ringim Skills Acquisition Center and its impact on reducing youth unemployment in Ringim Local Government Area. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research incorporates both quantitative data from surveys of program participants and qualitative insights from in-depth interviews with center staff and beneficiaries. The findings reveal that the center offers a range of vocational training programs that significantly enhance employability skills among youths. Notably, participants reported increased job opportunities and entrepreneurial ventures following their training. Despite these successes, challenges such as limited funding and inadequate infrastructure were identified as barriers to optimal program delivery. This study underscores the critical role of skills acquisition centers in addressing youth unemployment and provides recommendations for policy enhancement and future research to further improve the efficacy of such programs. The implications for policymakers, educators, and community leaders highlight the need to sustained investment and support to maximize the impact of skills acquisition initiatives.

Reclaiming Narratives: Indigenous Sovereignty in Art and Media

2024-06-21T09:55:22+00:00

This research delves into the depiction of communities in artistic expressions and media, shedding light on the historical inaccuracies and the endeavors of Native American artists to reclaim and redefine their stories. It documents the transition from portrayals to modern artworks, encapsulating their cultural heritage and resilience. By conducting an analysis, this study uncovers the effects of misrepresentation and cultural appropriation on Native American societies. Additionally, it showcases how Native American artists leverage art for preserving their culture advocating resistance and engaging in dialogues. The investigation is grounded in research and a detailed exploration of significant artworks that perpetuate stereotypes alongside initiatives aimed at reclaiming Native American narratives. At its core this research tackles the issue of misrepresenting communities in art and media which not only marginalizes these groups but also distorts their rich cultural heritage. It posits that achieving a respectful portrayal necessitates acknowledging these inaccuracies while amplifying the authentic voices and perspectives of Native American artists. Furthermore, it calls for art institutions and society at large to embrace approaches that amplify voices while recognizing art’s transformative power in driving societal change. The paper advocates for supporting artists in reclaiming their identities.The paper highlights the significance of acknowledging the arts' capacity to drive transformation by advocating for the appreciation and comprehension of viewpoints in art and media, thereby fostering a more diverse and fairer cultural environment.

Analysis of Ostracization or Muukuu Muruu as Boycotting and Green Card Grabbing System in Seera Amba: Arsi Oromo in Focus

2024-05-09T13:00:09+00:00

This research aims to analyze Ostracization (Muukuu Muruu) as boycotting and Green Card Grabbing System in Seera Ambaa. To conduct this study, the researcher prefers to use a qualitative method as it is appropriate for the analysis, presentation, and interpretation of empirical data. To collect this data from Arsi Oromo elite elders and the head of the council, the researcher prefers purposive and snowballing sampling to select the research sample. To collect data from the informants’ interviews, participant observation, and focus group discussion were selected. Last but not least, to analyze and interpret the ethically collected data he selected the qualitative method. From the analysis and interpretation made, the major findings of this research are: Arsi Oromo Customary law plays a paramount role in controlling and regulating the relationship of the community by enforcing its code of conduct. This is very important for having a secure and peaceful family. Ostracization and a green card-grabbing system is the last and permanent form of punishment which is irreversible by any means once decided by community elders. So, they are very important in controlling and monitoring the action and behavior of a member of society to act or behave against the predetermined laws. The major recommendations are: Arsi Oromo customary law (seera ambaa) plays a significant role in protecting human rights and justice, it is vital if it functioning properly, the role of Arsi Oromo Customary law (seera ambaa) in regulating and controlling socio-economic affairs is paramount. So, it is very important if it is included in the legal documents at regional and national levels, Arsi Oromo Customary Law or Seera Ambaa plays a paramount role in avoiding double jeopardy. So, it is vital to promote it by District Culture and Tourism Office, it is vital to amend AOCL to address the issue of females in democratic and nonpartisanship as affirmative action by Qaalluu up on the request of Arsi Abbaa Gadaa and Siinqee institutions.

Comparison among Three Articles of Instructional Pedagogies : A critical Review on Three Journal Articles Reporting Research about Contemporary Teaching Methods and Current Pedagogical Issues)

2024-05-15T11:49:36+00:00

This review is aimed at knowing and extending the content of three journal articles reporting research regarding contemporary teaching methods and current pedagogical issues. Reviewer would like to do a review by responding the positive and negative aspects and conduct the critical review to each of the three articles comparatively to know similarities and differences from the contents of each of the three articles. This review is managed into three components namely introduction, summary of articles, and critical review. The results can be conveyed as follows: (1) the article 1 and the article 3 are better than the article 2, from aspects of research title, abstract and methodology, (2) the article 2 and the article 3 are better than the article 1 from angles of introduction, (3) from the angle of the literature review, the article 3 is better than the article 1 and the article 2, and (4) from the aspects of result and discussion, the article 1 is better than the article 2 and the article 3.

Writing Culture through Metatext: A Contrastive Analysis of Philippine English and Chinese English in ESL/EFL Research Articles

2024-05-15T12:03:41+00:00

The increasing globalization and proliferation of English as a Second or Foreign Language (ESL/EFL) have led to diverse linguistic and cultural manifestations of the language worldwide. Against this backdrop, this study examined the metatext categories utilized by Philippine English and Chinese English authors in writing the results and discussion sections of ESL/EFL research articles, aiming to unveil the underlying writing cultures. Employing a quantitative-qualitative method, the study conducted a contrastive analysis of twenty research articles written in two English varieties, Philippine English and Chinese English, published between 2020 and 2023 in the TESOL International Journal and The Journal of Asia TEFL. The findings revealed that Philippine English writers employed metatext categories such as previews, reviews, and connectors more frequently than Chinese English writers. At the same time, the latter utilized action markers more often. The contrasting utilization of metatext categories from the examined corpora showed that Philippine English authors exhibited a writer-responsible culture, whereas Chinese English authors demonstrated a reader-responsible culture. In light of these findings, it is recommended that ESL/EFL instructors and academic writing instructors acknowledge and incorporate awareness of cultural influences on writing practices into their pedagogical approaches, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of ESL/EFL instruction and academic writing support.

Black American Communities: From Pathology to Intersectionality

2024-05-30T16:54:40+00:00

This article, using Mocombeian phenomenological structural theory, phenomenological structuralism, highlights black American community transition from a pathological-pathogenic community to an intersectional one, which dominates the contemporary global order. The work posits that the constitution of black American communities and their identities have been the product of their relations to the means and mode of production within the Protestant Ethic and the spirit of capitalism. As such, black Americans have never been agents in the constitution of their own identities. They have always been and remain (reactionary) pawns of capital seeking, dialectically or negative dialectically, to integrate the American social structure. Contemporarily, their integration in post-industrial America is marked by their transition from a pathological-pathogenic community to a neoliberal intersectional one dominated by their youth, women, and queers.

English Language, An Interactive Communication Tool Among Tourism Sector Employees and Foreign Tourists

2024-06-11T16:15:41+00:00

Tourism is a very important sector in Albania's economy. With the promotion of tourist attractions, the number of foreign tourists has increased significantly. Language is of great importance for the communication of foreign tourists to tourist destinations. Today English is an international language and most tourist businesses require employees to speak English except the local language of the country. In this paper we will present a theoretical discussion on the importance and necessity of the English language in the development of the tourism sector from the point of view of tourist services providers and specifically hotel businesses. To fulfill the purpose of this search, the data collection was done by a self-administered questioner with closed thematic questions, with alternatives addressed to the service employees in tourism destinations in Durres, Shëngjin and Sarandë. The overall data collection of 250 questionnaires and total of 195 questionnaires were collected. Through descriptive analysis we have taken a picture of the characteristics of the monster in study according to the data of the structured questionnaire, respectively: Part 1 (socio-demographic characteristics), Part 2 (business stuff), (location and classification), Part 3 (language knowledge and opinion on its importance for employment in tourist businesses in Albania. The data was collected in January 2023. The article aims to highlight not only the most necessary language skills for tourism sector employees but also highlight the functions of English language use by employees of this sector, the most common problems they encounter in different skills, etc. The investigation and identification of such necessities puts the help of not only the employees of this sector but also the entrepreneurs of various tourist structures who can directly contribute to the improvement of their human resources employed as the motorcycle that sets in motion and guarantees financial income to their businesses thanks to professionalism

Common Problems in Communication of Non-English Majored Freshmen at A University in Vietnam

2024-06-21T11:58:26+00:00

Currently, Vietnam is in the phase of opening the economy and expanding cooperation with other countries in the region and around the world. There are many foreign investors as well as international tourists who will choose Vietnam as their destination. Meanwhile, there have been many research articles and articles from the past five years showing that although Vietnamese youth learning English as an official subject at school, they rarely use it when communicating with foreigners. Communication can be said to be the most difficult skill for English learners, especially non-majors. Communication skills require learners to master many factors, especially listening and speaking skills. However, for non-major students, learning English in class is mainly about doing theoretical exercises and studying to pass the subject, so English communication is really a challenge. Therefore, students encounter many problems in learning and practicing English communication. The study, “Common Problems in Communication of Non-English Majored Freshmen at a University in Vietnam,” will show the problems that the first-year non-English majors often encounter in English communication. The participants are 137 students in the classes Finance and Banking, Multimedia Communication, Construction Industry at Tay Do University in Cantho City in Vietnam. The main instruments are a questionnaire and an interview paper. The findings of the research will indicate that freshmen could face problems in linguistics, background knowledge, psychology, and environment. Thanks to the results, students will find the good ways to improve their English communication skills.

Some Common Mistakes and The Methods to Improve Writing a Paragraph for English Majored Freshmen at a University in Vietnam

2024-06-21T12:17:53+00:00

English is an extremely important tool for people to communicate with each other. It is not only a means of conveying thoughts and ideas, but also builds friendships, economic relationships and cultural and social relationships. Surely learning writing will help learners develop themselves, their minds and their personalities. Despite its importance, many students face significant challenges in developing effective writing skill. The research aimed to find some errors then suggested methods to help students improve English writing skill. This research was supported with participation of 41 freshmen who are in English class at Tay Do University. Questionnaire, pretest and posttest were the instruments. Participants were asked to write a paragraph in pre-test and post-test. Besides, they also answered questionnaire. The results showed students’ opinions about writing skill; they also gave some difficulties in writing (vocabulary, ideas and grammar) and some improving methods (doing exercises, reading books, discuss with others, and so on) through the questionnaire.

The Difficulties in Speaking of English Majored Freshmen at a University in Vietnam

2024-06-21T12:31:44+00:00

This research survey was an attempt to present the process of study about “Difficulties in speaking of English majored freshmen at Tay Do University”. The participants of the research were 36 English majored freshmen from Bachelor of English at Tay Do University. The instruments of this study were questionnaires, paper interview questions, and the observation sheet. English-majored freshmen just begin to learn speaking English skill. Thus, they would get many challenges in speaking English. The results of this research would highlight the difficulties in speaking English that English majored freshmen faced. The goal was to identify problems, facilitate solutions, and to assist teachers and students to overcome these difficulties together.